Abstract
Producers use elemental ratios, such as calcium (Ca): magnesium (Mg), in fertility programs to ensure sufficient nutrient uptake. Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) accumulates high levels of carotenoids which can be beneficial for human health. Objectives were to determine the influence of Ca:Mg fertilization on 1) biomass, 2) essential nutrients, and 3) carotenoids in kale leaf tissues. ‘Redbor’ kale was greenhouse-grown in solution culture. Ca:Mg ratio treatments were 9:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:3, 1:6, and 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio significantly affected biomass, nutrient accumulation, and carotenoids. Plant biomass decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.001) and β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and antheraxanthin all increased, then decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001) as the ratio of Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9. Ca:Mg ratio also affected leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn). Results indicate that producers wishing to maximize elemental uptake and carotenoid content of kale need to consider the ratio of Ca:Mg in their fertility programs.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Kale biomass decreased linearly as Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9.
- Taxon
- KALE
Brassica oleracea var. viridist0 - Treatment
- ratio of Ca:Mge0
- Outcome
- Plant biomasse0
- Direction
- decreased linearlye0
- Qualifier
- 1:9e0
- Comparator
- 9:1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant biomass decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.001) and β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and antheraxanthin all increased, then decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001) as the ratio of Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9”
t0“KALE”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale β-carotene, lutein and neoxanthin increased and then decreased quadratically across the Ca:Mg ratio series.
- Taxon
- KALEBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- ratio of Ca:Mge0
- Outcome
- β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthine0
- Direction
- increased, then decreased quadraticallye0
- Qualifier
- 1:9e0
- Comparator
- 9:1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and antheraxanthin all increased, then decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001) as the ratio of Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9”
t0“KALE”
Claim · model-written summary
Kale antheraxanthin increased and then decreased quadratically across the Ca:Mg ratio series.
- Taxon
- KALEBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- ratio of Ca:Mge0
- Outcome
- antheraxanthine0
- Direction
- increased, then decreased quadraticallye0
- Comparator
- 9:1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antheraxanthin all increased, then decreased quadratically (P ≤ 0.001) as the ratio of Ca:Mg changed from 9:1 to 1:9”
t0“KALE”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca:Mg ratio affected kale leaf Ca, Mg and potassium.
- Taxon
- KALEBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- Ca:Mg ratioe0
- Outcome
- leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca:Mg ratio also affected leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn)”
t0“KALE”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca:Mg ratio affected kale leaf sulfur, boron and manganese.
- Taxon
- KALEBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- Ca:Mg ratioe0
- Outcome
- sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca:Mg ratio also affected leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn)”
t0“KALE”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca:Mg ratio affected kale leaf molybdenum and zinc.
- Taxon
- KALEBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- Ca:Mg ratioe0
- Outcome
- molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca:Mg ratio also affected leaf tissue Ca, Mg, potassium (K), sulfur (S), boron (B), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn)”
t0“KALE”
Claim · model-written summary
Producers seeking to maximize kale elemental uptake and carotenoid content should consider Ca:Mg ratio in fertility programs.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- ratio of Ca:Mge0
- Outcome
- elemental uptake and carotenoid contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“producers wishing to maximize elemental uptake and carotenoid content of kale need to consider the ratio of Ca:Mg in their fertility programs”
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