Abstract
In‐furrow starter fertilization for corn ( Zea mays L.) is being preferred to alternative starter application methods by farmers in the U.S. Corn Belt. This study assessed corn grain yield, early growth (V5 to V6), and early P and K uptake responses to in‐furrow P–K starter fertilization with or without broadcast P–K fertilization for 2‐yr corn–soybean [ Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] rotations. Sixteen trials were conducted on Iowa fields managed with no‐till or chisel‐plow tillage. Soil‐test P (STP) was 5 to 77 mg P kg −1 (Bray‐P 1 ), and soil‐test K (STK) was 88 to 237 mg K kg −1 (ammonium acetate). Treatments replicated four times were a control, 3–8–15 (N–P–K) liquid starter at 5 to 7 kg P ha −1 and 10 to 14 kg K ha −1 , granulated P–K fertilizer broadcast at 49 to 66 kg P ha −1 and 112 to 140 kg K ha −1 , and broadcast plus starter. Nitrogen was applied across all treatments. Fertilization increased grain yield at nine sites (0.80 to 2.11 Mg ha −1 ). Starter fertilization produced less yield than broadcast fertilization at five sites (0.30 to 1.48 Mg ha −1 less), four of which tested low in STP (≤15 mg P kg −1 ). Starter fertilization in addition to broadcast fertilization did not increase yield further at any site. Starter fertilization increased corn early growth and P and K uptake more than broadcast fertilization did at most sites. In‐furrow starter P–K fertilization for corn is not an effective practice when applied in addition to 2‐yr broadcast P–K fertilization rates for corn–soybean rotations.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased corn grain yield at nine sites by 0.80 to 2.11 Mg ha −1.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 0.80 to 2.11 Mg ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- nine sitese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn grain yield”
e1“Fertilization increased grain yield at nine sites (0.80 to 2.11 Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter fertilization yielded 0.30 to 1.48 Mg ha −1 less than broadcast fertilization at five sites.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Starter fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Value
- 0.30 to 1.48 Mg ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- five sitese1
- Comparator
- broadcast fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn grain yield”
e1“Starter fertilization produced less yield than broadcast fertilization at five sites (0.30 to 1.48 Mg ha −1 less)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding starter to broadcast fertilizer did not increase corn yield at any site.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Starter fertilization in addition to broadcast fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- did not increasee1
- Qualifier
- at any sitee1
- Comparator
- broadcast fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn grain yield”
e1“Starter fertilization in addition to broadcast fertilization did not increase yield further at any site”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter fertilization increased early corn growth more than broadcast fertilization at most sites.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Starter fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- corn early growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- at most sitese1
- Comparator
- broadcast fertilizatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn early growth”
e1“Starter fertilization increased corn early growth and P and K uptake more than broadcast fertilization did at most sites”
Claim · model-written summary
Starter fertilization increased early corn P and K uptake more than broadcast fertilization at most sites.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Starter fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- P and K uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at most sitese0
- Comparator
- broadcast fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Starter fertilization increased corn early growth and P and K uptake more than broadcast fertilization did at most sites”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that in-furrow starter P–K fertilization is ineffective alongside two-year broadcast rates.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- In‐furrow starter P–K fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- not an effective practicee0
- Qualifier
- when applied in addition to 2‐yr broadcast P–K fertilization rates for corn–soybean rotationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In‐furrow starter P–K fertilization for corn is not an effective practice when applied in addition to 2‐yr broadcast P–K fertilization rates for corn–soybean rotations”
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