Paper · 1994 · Journal of Plant Nutrition

Interactions of potassium with nitrogen and their influence on growth and yield potential in maize

J. A. Stromberger; C. Y. Tsai; D. M. Huber

9
claims
18
verbatim quotes
33
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract Although potassium (K) is not a structural component of plants, it is involved in numerous biochemical and physiological processes. This study was conducted to examine interactions of K with nitrogen (N) levels and N sources as they affect both growth and yield in maize. The role of K in sucrose and amino acid transport into endosperm tissue also was investigated, since maize yield increases are heavily dependent on inputs of inorganic N and K fertilizers. Plants of four maize hybrids were grown in a greenhouse in sand/soil culture. Pots were supplemented to provide 168, 336, or 672 kg/ha K and 168 or 336 kg/ha N as NH4NO3, Ca(NO3)2, or (NH4)2SO4. Plants were harvested at midsilk, and dry weights and kernel primordia were determined. High levels of K promoted more vigorous growth when mixed‐N treatments were averaged across all N rates. High K in conjunction with mixed‐N generally enhanced dry matter accumulation and kernel primordia number for all hybrids. However, high K with either ammonium (NH4 +) or nitrate (NO3 −) generally had a negative effect on dry matter accumulation and primordia number. Hybrids tended to respond differently to these interactions. In vitro movement of L‐glutamine into endosperms was enhanced with 25 or 50 mM K, but K levels in excess of 50 mM were inhibitory. Sucrose uptake was strongly enhanced by K and followed the same pattern as L‐glutamine, but required higher levels of K. Notes Present address: Agronomy Department, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado. To whom correspondence should be addressed. Journal Paper No. 13587. The Agricultural Experiment Station, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907. This research was supported in part by a grant from Ag Spectrum Co. and Dow Chemical Co.

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Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High levels of K promoted maize growth.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
High levels of Ke0
Outcome
growthe0
Direction
promotede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–98 · show in text ↑
e0

“High levels of K promoted more vigorous growth when mixed‐N treatments were averaged across all N rates.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 753–857 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High K in conjunction with mixed‐N enhanced maize dry matter accumulation.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
High K in conjunction with mixed‐Ne0
Outcome
dry matter accumulatione0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–98 · show in text ↑
e0

“High K in conjunction with mixed‐N generally enhanced dry matter accumulation and kernel primordia number for all hybrids.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 858–980 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High K in conjunction with mixed‐N enhanced maize kernel primordia number.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
High K in conjunction with mixed‐Ne0
Outcome
kernel primordia numbere0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–98 · show in text ↑
e0

“High K in conjunction with mixed‐N generally enhanced dry matter accumulation and kernel primordia number for all hybrids.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 858–980 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

high K with either ammonium (NH4 +) or nitrate (NO3 −) negative effect maize dry matter accumulation.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
high K with either ammonium (NH4 +) or nitrate (NO3 −)e0
Outcome
dry matter accumulatione0
Direction
negative effecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–98 · show in text ↑
e0

“However, high K with either ammonium (NH4 +) or nitrate (NO3 −) generally had a negative effect on dry matter accumulation and primordia number.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1125 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

high K with either ammonium (NH4 +) or nitrate (NO3 −) negative effect maize primordia number.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
high K with either ammonium (NH4 +) or nitrate (NO3 −)e0
Outcome
primordia numbere0
Direction
negative effecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–98 · show in text ↑
e0

“However, high K with either ammonium (NH4 +) or nitrate (NO3 −) generally had a negative effect on dry matter accumulation and primordia number.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 981–1125 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize hybrids differed in their responses to potassium and nitrogen interactions.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
respond differentlye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–98 · show in text ↑
e0

“Hybrids tended to respond differently to these interactions.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1126–1186 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium at 25 or 50 mM increased L-glutamine movement into endosperm.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage
endospermse0
Treatment
25 or 50 mM Ke0
Outcome
movement of L‐glutamine into endospermse0
Direction
enhancede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–98 · show in text ↑
e0

“In vitro movement of L‐glutamine into endosperms was enhanced with 25 or 50 mM K, but K levels in excess of 50 mM were inhibitory.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1187–1317 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium levels above 50 mM inhibited L-glutamine movement into endosperm.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage
endospermse0
Treatment
K levels in excess of 50 mMe0
Outcome
movement of L‐glutamine into endospermse0
Direction
inhibitorye0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–98 · show in text ↑
e0

“In vitro movement of L‐glutamine into endosperms was enhanced with 25 or 50 mM K, but K levels in excess of 50 mM were inhibitory.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1187–1317 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium enhanced sucrose uptake in endosperm, with the same response pattern as L-glutamine but at higher potassium levels.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Treatment
Ke0
Outcome
Sucrose uptakee0
Direction
enhancede0
Qualifier
required higher levels of Ke0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–98 · show in text ↑
e0

“Sucrose uptake was strongly enhanced by K and followed the same pattern as L‐glutamine, but required higher levels of K.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1318–1438 · show in text ↑

potassium · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

96 papers: 74 positive, 22 negative or no effect

73 papers in the same direction as this paper · 22 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

92 papers more in this group

See all 96 papers →

potassium · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

20 papers: 16 positive, 4 negative or no effect

15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

16 papers more in this group

See all 20 papers →

potassium · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

320 papers: 291 positive, 29 negative or no effect

290 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. no effect

316 papers more in this group

See all 320 papers →

nitrogen · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

2,185 papers: 1,906 positive, 279 negative or no effect

278 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,906 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
    Doubling the stated NPK rate increased grain filling rate by only 0.8%.

    NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM NUTRIENT EFFECTS ON GRAIN FILLING AND YIELD OF HIGH-YIELDING SUMMER CORN · 2011 · compared with 180 kg N ha−1, 40 kg P ha−1, and 75 kg K ha−1 fertilizer

    Opposite directionCites this paper

  2. positive
  3. positive

2,181 papers more in this group

See all 2,185 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.