Abstract
Abstract Tomato plants were solution cultured with and without silicon, and Si deficiency symptoms were observed in the first bud flowering stage when the tomato plants had been cultured in a silicon-free solution; however, normal growth was observed in a solution with 100 ppm SiO2. To induce Si deficiency symptoms, it is necessary to culture the plant in a silicon-free solution under favorable conditions for the growth of tomato plant. Select the most suitable cultivar for the environmental conditions. Optimum temperatures with differences for day and night, high light intensity, sufficient aeration, and low planting density are key points in the development of a Si deficiency. Symptoms of Si deficiency may be summarized as follows: 1) The deficiency symptoms appear after the first bud flowering stage. 2) The leaflets of the new leaves showed malformations such as curving to the outside, warping, hardening, and sometimes thickening. 3) The growing poillt at the top was retarded in development, but did not die back as with boron deficiency. 4) The leaves were slightly yellowed, and necrotic spots appeared on the lower leaves; these spots generally spread upwards to the upper leaves. 5) In severe cases, the plant began to dry up from the lower leaves upward. 6) The silicon-free cultured plants can bloom, but often fail to pollinate; often they bear malformed fruit or no fruit. 7) The appearance (color, shape etc.) of the roots are normal. 8) Silicon-free plants already showing deficiency symptoms developed normal shoots after silicon was supplied, while silicon applied plants growing normally, developed deficiency symptoms when they were given silicon-free treatment in the flowering stage. 9) Si deficiency symptoms increased by long-day treatment and decreased by short-day treatment. From these results, we conclude that silicon has an effect on the reproductive growth of the tomato plant.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato in silicon-free solution showed deficiency symptoms by first bud flowering.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- first bud flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- silicon-free solutione0
- Outcome
- Si deficiency symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si deficiency symptoms were observed in the first bud flowering stage when the tomato plants had been cultured in a silicon-free solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato grew normally with 100 ppm SiO2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- solution with 100 ppm SiO2e0
- Outcome
- normal growthe0
- Comparator
- silicon-free solutione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“normal growth was observed in a solution with 100 ppm SiO2”
e1“the tomato plants had been cultured in a silicon-free solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-deficient tomato developed curled, warped, hardened, and sometimes thickened new leaflets.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Organ / stage
- leaflets of the new leavese0
- Outcome
- malformations such as curving to the outside, warping, hardening, and sometimes thickeninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaflets of the new leaves showed malformations such as curving to the outside, warping, hardening, and sometimes thickening”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The tomato growing point was developmentally retarded without dying back.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Organ / stage
- growing poillt at the tope0
- Outcome
- retarded in development, but did not die backe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growing poillt at the top was retarded in development, but did not die back as with boron deficiency”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-deficient tomato leaves yellowed slightly and developed necrotic spots spreading upward.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- slightly yellowed, and necrotic spots appearede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaves were slightly yellowed, and necrotic spots appeared on the lower leaves; these spots generally spread upwards to the upper leaves”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Severely deficient tomato plants dried from lower leaves upward.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Outcome
- began to dry up from the lower leaves upwarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In severe cases, the plant began to dry up from the lower leaves upward”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-free tomato could bloom but often failed to pollinate.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Organ / stage
- bloome0
- Outcome
- often fail to pollinatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon-free cultured plants can bloom, but often fail to pollinate”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon-free tomato often bore malformed fruit or none.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Outcome
- malformed fruit or no fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“often they bear malformed fruit or no fruit”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots retained normal appearance under silicon deficiency.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- appearance (color, shape etc.) of the roots are normale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The appearance (color, shape etc.) of the roots are normal”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supply restored normal shoots to previously symptomatic tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- silicon was suppliede0
- Outcome
- normal shootse0
- Comparator
- Silicon-free plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silicon-free plants already showing deficiency symptoms developed normal shoots after silicon was supplied”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing silicon at flowering induced deficiency symptoms in formerly normal tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Organ / stage
- flowering stagee0
- Treatment
- silicon-free treatmente0
- Outcome
- deficiency symptomse0
- Comparator
- silicon applied plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silicon applied plants growing normally, developed deficiency symptoms when they were given silicon-free treatment in the flowering stage”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-day treatment increased tomato silicon-deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- long-day treatmente0
- Outcome
- Si deficiency symptomse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si deficiency symptoms increased by long-day treatment”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-day treatment decreased tomato silicon-deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
- Treatment
- short-day treatmente0
- Outcome
- Si deficiency symptomse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si deficiency symptoms increased by long-day treatment and decreased by short-day treatment”
t1“Silicon deficiency of tomato plant”
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See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.