Abstract
UV-radiation elicits a suite of developmental (photomorphogenic) and protective responses in plants, but responses early post-germination have received little attention, particularly in intensively bred plants of economic importance. We examined germination, hypocotyl elongation, leaf pubescence and subcellular responses of germinating and/or etiolated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings in response to treatment with discrete wavelengths of UV-A or UV-B radiation. We demonstrate differential responses of germinating/young soybean seedlings to a range of UV wavelengths that indicate unique signal transduction mechanisms regulate UV-initiated responses. We have investigated how phenylalanine, a key substrate in the phenylpropanoid pathway, may be involved in these responses. Pubescence may be a key location for phenylalanine-derived protective compounds, as UV-B irradiation increased pubescence and accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds within primary leaf pubescence, visualized by microscopy and absorbance spectra. Mass spectrometry analysis of pubescence indicated that sinapic esters accumulate in the UV-irradiated hairs compared to unirradiated primary leaf tissue. Deleterious effects of some UV-B wavelengths on germination and seedling responses were reduced or entirely prevented by inclusion of phenylalanine in the growth media. Key effects of phenylalanine were not duplicated by tyrosine or tryptophan or sucrose, nor is the specificity of response due to the absorbance of phenylalanine itself. These results suggest that in the seed-to-seedling transition, phenylalanine may be a limiting factor in the development of initial mechanisms of UV protection in the developing leaf.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seedlings responded differently to UV wavelengths.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- UV wavelengthse0
- Outcome
- differential responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differential responses of germinating/young soybean seedlings to a range of UV wavelengths”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased primary leaf pubescence.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- UV-B irradiatione0
- Outcome
- pubescencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV-B irradiation increased pubescence and accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds within primary leaf pubescence”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased UV-absorbing compounds in leaf pubescence.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- UV-B irradiatione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of UV-absorbing compoundse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV-B irradiation increased pubescence and accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds within primary leaf pubescence”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sinapic esters accumulated in irradiated hairs relative to unirradiated leaf tissue.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- UV-irradiated hairse0
- Outcome
- sinapic esters accumulatee0
- Direction
- accumulatee0
- Comparator
- unirradiated primary leaf tissuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sinapic esters accumulate in the UV-irradiated hairs compared to unirradiated primary leaf tissue”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylalanine reduced or prevented harmful UV-B effects on germination and seedling responses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- phenylalaninee0
- Outcome
- Deleterious effects of some UV-B wavelengths on germination and seedling responsese0
- Direction
- reduced or entirely preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deleterious effects of some UV-B wavelengths on germination and seedling responses were reduced or entirely prevented by inclusion of phenylalanine in the growth media.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Tyrosine did not reproduce key phenylalanine effects.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- tyrosinee0
- Outcome
- Key effectse0
- Direction
- not duplicatede0
- Comparator
- phenylalaninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Key effects of phenylalanine were not duplicated by tyrosine or tryptophan or sucrose”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Tryptophan did not reproduce key phenylalanine effects.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- tryptophane0
- Outcome
- Key effectse0
- Direction
- not duplicatede0
- Comparator
- phenylalaninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Key effects of phenylalanine were not duplicated by tyrosine or tryptophan or sucrose”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose did not reproduce key phenylalanine effects.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- sucrosee0
- Outcome
- Key effectse0
- Direction
- not duplicatede0
- Comparator
- phenylalaninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Key effects of phenylalanine were not duplicated by tyrosine or tryptophan or sucrose”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylalanine specificity was not due to its own absorbance.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- specificity of responsee0
- Qualifier
- absorbance of phenylalanine itselfe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nor is the specificity of response due to the absorbance of phenylalanine itself”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylalanine may limit initial UV protection in developing leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- developing leafe0
- Compound
- phenylalaninee0
- Outcome
- development of initial mechanisms of UV protectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenylalanine may be a limiting factor in the development of initial mechanisms of UV protection in the developing leaf”
t0“Soybean”
The same questions in other papers
phenylalanine · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
uv · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.