Abstract
Germination of radish (Raphanus sativus cv Eterna) seeds can be inhibited by far-red light (high-irradiance reaction of phytochrome) or abscisic acid (ABA). Gibberellic acid (GA3) restores full germination under far-red light. This experimental system was used to investigate the release of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) by seed coats and embryos during germination, utilizing the apoplastic oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin to fluorescent 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein as an in vivo assay. Germination in darkness is accompanied by a steep rise in ROI release originating from the seed coat (living aleurone layer) as well as the embryo. At the same time as the inhibition of germination, far-red light and ABA inhibit ROI release in both seed parts and GA3 reverses this inhibition when initiating germination under far-red light. During the later stage of germination the seed coat also releases peroxidase with a time course affected by far-red light, ABA, and GA3. The participation of superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals in ROI metabolism was demonstrated with specific in vivo assays. ROI production by germinating seeds represents an active, developmentally controlled physiological function, presumably for protecting the emerging seedling against attack by pathogens.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light inhibited radish seed germination.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus cv Eterna)
Raphanus sativuse0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of radish (Raphanus sativus cv Eterna) seeds can be inhibited by far-red light (high-irradiance reaction of phytochrome) or abscisic acid (ABA).”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid inhibited radish seed germination.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus cv Eterna)Raphanus sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Outcome
- Germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of radish (Raphanus sativus cv Eterna) seeds can be inhibited by far-red light (high-irradiance reaction of phytochrome) or abscisic acid (ABA).”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid restored full germination under far-red light.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acid (GA3)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- restorese0
- Comparator
- far-red lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid (GA3) restores full germination under far-red light.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark germination was accompanied by steeply rising reactive oxygen intermediate release from seed coat and embryo.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- seed coat (living aleurone layer) as well as the embryoe0
- Outcome
- ROI releasee0
- Direction
- steep risee0
- Setting
- darknesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination in darkness is accompanied by a steep rise in ROI release originating from the seed coat (living aleurone layer) as well as the embryo.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light inhibited reactive oxygen intermediate release in both seed parts.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- both seed partse0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte0
- Outcome
- ROI releasee0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same time as the inhibition of germination, far-red light and ABA inhibit ROI release in both seed parts and GA3 reverses this inhibition when initiating germination under far-red light.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA inhibited reactive oxygen intermediate release in both seed parts.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- both seed partse0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- ROI releasee0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same time as the inhibition of germination, far-red light and ABA inhibit ROI release in both seed parts and GA3 reverses this inhibition when initiating germination under far-red light.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reversed inhibition of reactive oxygen intermediate release under far-red light.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- ROI releasee0
- Direction
- reversese0
- Comparator
- far-red lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At the same time as the inhibition of germination, far-red light and ABA inhibit ROI release in both seed parts and GA3 reverses this inhibition when initiating germination under far-red light.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The seed coat released peroxidase later in germination.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- seed coate0
- Gene
- peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- releases peroxidasee0
- Qualifier
- later stage of germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the later stage of germination the seed coat also releases peroxidase with a time course affected by far-red light, ABA, and GA3.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Far-red light affected the time course of seed-coat peroxidase release.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- far-red lighte0
- Gene
- peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- time coursee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the later stage of germination the seed coat also releases peroxidase with a time course affected by far-red light, ABA, and GA3.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA affected the time course of seed-coat peroxidase release.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Gene
- peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- time coursee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the later stage of germination the seed coat also releases peroxidase with a time course affected by far-red light, ABA, and GA3.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 affected the time course of seed-coat peroxidase release.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Gene
- peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- time coursee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the later stage of germination the seed coat also releases peroxidase with a time course affected by far-red light, ABA, and GA3.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals participated in reactive oxygen intermediate metabolism.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- participation of superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals in ROI metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The participation of superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals in ROI metabolism was demonstrated with specific in vivo assays.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors interpreted reactive oxygen intermediate production as a developmentally controlled function that may protect emerging seedlings against pathogens.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Organ / stage
- germinating seedse0
- Outcome
- ROI productione0
- Qualifier
- presumably for protecting the emerging seedling against attack by pathogense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ROI production by germinating seeds represents an active, developmentally controlled physiological function, presumably for protecting the emerging seedling against attack by pathogens.”
t0“Radish Seeds”
The same questions in other papers
gibberellin A3 · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
(+)-abscisic acid · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
light · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.