Abstract
Abstract A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the mechanism of Siinduced alleviation of Mn toxicity in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch cv. Shintosa) which has been used as a bloom-type stock for grafting cultivation of cucumbers. In the first experiment, the effect of Si on Mn toxicity in the Shintosa cultivar was compared with that in the Super unryu cultivar which is used as a bloomless-type stock. Without Si supply, growth depression occurred in both cultivars at the levels of 100 and 500 µM Mn in the nutrient solution. The alleviative effect of Si on the growth depression was observed more distinctly for the Shintosa cultivar than for the Super unryu cultivar, and the effect became more pronounced with increasing Si levels in the nutrient solution. Regardless of the Mn levels, addition of Si did not decrease the Mn content of the plants. The relative shoot growth was reduced to less than 80% when the molar ratio of Si/Mn in the shoots was lower than 4.5. In the second experiment, Mn and Si in the lower leaves of the Shintosa cultivar treated with different levels of Mn with and without Si supply were extracted with 10 mM Tris-HCI buffer (pH 7.4). At the levels of 100 and 250 µM Mn, the amounts of Mn in the buffer-insoluble fraction increased in the presence of Si supply and the buffer-soluble Mn accounted for less than 9% of the total Mn in the leaf. In addition, more than 84% of the total Si was found in the buffer-insoluble fraction at each Mn level. Distribution of Mn and Si on the surface of the lowerú leaves of the Shintosa cultivar treated with 250 µM Mn with and without Si supply was examined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis in the third experiment; Both Mn and Si accumulated at high concentrations around the base of the trichomes in the presence of Si supply. Without Si supply, Mn was detected around the necrotic brown lesions in addition to the base of the trichomes. These results suggested that in the Shintosa cultivar, Si alleviated the Mn toxicity through a localized accumulation of Mn with Si in a metabolically inactive form around the base of the trichomes on the leaf surface.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Without silicon, 100 and 500 µM manganese depressed growth in both cultivars.
Verbatim
e0“Without Si supply, growth depression occurred in both cultivars at the levels of 100 and 500 µM Mn in the nutrient solution.”
t0“pumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuch cv. Shintosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon alleviated growth depression more in Shintosa than Super unryu, increasingly at higher silicon levels.
Verbatim
e0“The alleviative effect of Si on the growth depression was observed more distinctly for the Shintosa cultivar than for the Super unryu cultivar, and the effect became more pronounced with increasing Si levels in the nutrient solution.”
t0“pumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuch cv. Shintosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon addition did not reduce plant manganese content at any manganese level.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of the Mn levels, addition of Si did not decrease the Mn content of the plants.”
t0“pumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuch cv. Shintosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot growth fell below 80% when shoot silicon to manganese ratio was below 4.5.
Verbatim
e0“The relative shoot growth was reduced to less than 80% when the molar ratio of Si/Mn in the shoots was lower than 4.5.”
t0“pumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuch cv. Shintosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased buffer insoluble manganese in lower leaves at 100 and 250 µM manganese.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Treatment
- Si supplye0
- Outcome
- amounts of Mn in the buffer-insoluble fractione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 100 and 250 µM Mne0
Not reportedOrgan / stageComparator
Verbatim
e0“At the levels of 100 and 250 µM Mn, the amounts of Mn in the buffer-insoluble fraction increased in the presence of Si supply”
t0“pumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuch cv. Shintosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Buffer soluble manganese made up less than 9% of total leaf manganese.
Verbatim
e0“the buffer-soluble Mn accounted for less than 9% of the total Mn in the leaf”
t0“pumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuch cv. Shintosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 84% of leaf silicon was in the buffer insoluble fraction at each manganese level.
Verbatim
e0“more than 84% of the total Si was found in the buffer-insoluble fraction at each Mn level”
t0“pumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuch cv. Shintosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
With silicon, manganese and silicon accumulated around trichome bases.
- Taxon
- pumpkint0
- Organ / stage
- trichomese0
- Treatment
- Si supplye0
- Outcome
- Mn and Si accumulated at high concentrations around the base of the trichomese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Both Mn and Si accumulated at high concentrations around the base of the trichomes in the presence of Si supply.”
t0“pumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuch cv. Shintosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Without silicon, manganese appeared around necrotic lesions as well as trichome bases.
Verbatim
e0“Without Si supply, Mn was detected around the necrotic brown lesions in addition to the base of the trichomes.”
t0“pumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuch cv. Shintosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attributed silicon alleviation of manganese toxicity to localized inactive manganese and silicon at trichome bases.
Verbatim
e0“Si alleviated the Mn toxicity through a localized accumulation of Mn with Si in a metabolically inactive form around the base of the trichomes on the leaf surface”
t0“pumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuch cv. Shintosa)”
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silicon atom · nutrient: content · Cucurbita (pumpkins)Results agree
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