Abstract
Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is an annual ornamental plant which is also grown for herbal raw material (flower heads) used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. A field experiment was carried out in the years 2006-2008 in the Experimental Farm of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The study was conducted on loess soil with the granulometric composition of silt loam. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of different nitrogen rates (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 kg N × ha-1) on some morphological features of flower heads as well as on yield and quality of pot marigold raw material. Flowering of pot marigold was shortest in the control treatment (32 days) and longest (43 days) in the plot where nitrogen fertilization had been applied at the highest rate (160 kg N × ha-1). Nitrogen fertilization had a significant influence on the number of flower heads per plant, but no significant difference was found in diameter as well as in ligulate flowers and tubular flowers in the flower head. It was found to increase significantly raw material yield after the application of 80 kg N × ha-1, compared to the control treatment. Yield of flower heads did not differ markedly for fertilization rates from 80 to 160 kg N × ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization modified slightly essential oil content (this content increased with increasing nitrogen rates), but at the same time it decreased the percentage of flavonoid compounds.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Control plants flowered for 32 days, the shortest period.
- Taxon
- pot marigold
Calendula officinalise0 - Treatment
- control treatmente0
- Outcome
- Floweringe0
- Direction
- shorteste0
- Value
- 32 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of pot marigold was shortest in the control treatment (32 days) and longest (43 days) in the plot where nitrogen fertilization had been applied at the highest rate (160 kg N × ha-1).”
Claim · model-written summary
The 160 kg N × ha-1 rate produced the longest flowering period of 43 days.
- Taxon
- pot marigoldCalendula officinalise0
- Treatment
- 160 kg N × ha-1e0
- Outcome
- Floweringe0
- Direction
- longeste0
- Value
- 43 dayse0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flowering of pot marigold was shortest in the control treatment (32 days) and longest (43 days) in the plot where nitrogen fertilization had been applied at the highest rate (160 kg N × ha-1).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen significantly influenced flower-head number per plant, with direction unspecified.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization had a significant influence on the number of flower heads per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower-head diameter did not differ significantly under nitrogen fertilization.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization had a significant influence on the number of flower heads per plant, but no significant difference was found in diameter as well as in ligulate flowers and tubular flowers in the flower head.”
t0“marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
Ligulate and tubular flowers did not differ significantly under nitrogen fertilization.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- ligulate flowers and tubular flowers in the flower heade0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“no significant difference was found in diameter as well as in ligulate flowers and tubular flowers in the flower head.”
t0“marigold”
e1“Nitrogen fertilization had a significant influence”
Claim · model-written summary
80 kg N × ha-1 significantly increased raw-material yield versus control.
Verbatim
e0“It was found to increase significantly raw material yield after the application of 80 kg N × ha-1, compared to the control treatment.”
t0“marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower-head yield did not differ markedly from 80 to 160 kg N × ha-1.
Verbatim
e0“Yield of flower heads did not differ markedly for fertilization rates from 80 to 160 kg N × ha-1.”
t0“marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential oil content increased slightly with increasing nitrogen rates.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen fertilization modified slightly essential oil content (this content increased with increasing nitrogen rates)”
t0“marigold”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization decreased flavonoid compound percentage.
- Taxon
- marigoldt0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- percentage of flavonoid compoundse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“it decreased the percentage of flavonoid compounds.”
e1“Nitrogen fertilization modified slightly essential oil content”
t0“marigold”
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