Abstract
We investigated if elevated CO(2) could alleviate the negative effect of high temperature on fruit yield of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka) at different levels of nitrogen and also tested the combined effects of CO(2), temperature and nitrogen on fruit quality of plants cultivated in controlled growth chambers. Results show that elevated CO(2) and high temperature caused a further 12% and 35% decrease in fruit yield at low and high nitrogen, respectively. The fewer inflorescences and smaller umbel size during flower induction caused the reduction of fruit yield at elevated CO(2) and high temperature. Interestingly, nitrogen application has no beneficial effect on fruit yield, and this may be because of decreased sucrose export to the shoot apical meristem at floral transition. Moreover, elevated CO(2) increased the levels of dry matter-content, fructose, glucose, total sugar and sweetness index per dry matter, but decreased fruit nitrogen content, total antioxidant capacity and all antioxidant compounds per dry matter in strawberry fruit. The reduction of fruit nitrogen content and antioxidant activity was mainly caused by the dilution effect of accumulated non-structural carbohydrates sourced from the increased net photosynthetic rate at elevated CO(2). Thus, the quality of strawberry fruit would increase because of the increased sweetness and the similar amount of fruit nitrogen content, antioxidant activity per fresh matter at elevated CO(2). Overall, we found that elevated CO(2) improved the production of strawberry (including yield and quality) at low temperature, but decreased it at high temperature. The dramatic fluctuation in strawberry yield between low and high temperature at elevated CO(2) implies that more attention should be paid to the process of flower induction under climate change, especially in fruits that require winter chilling for reproductive growth.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and high temperature decreased strawberry fruit yield by a further 12% at low nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Fragaria × ananassa
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Material
- Toyonokae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2) and high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 12%e1
- Qualifier
- at low and high nitrogen, respectivelye1
- Setting
- controlled growth chamberse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka”
e1“elevated CO(2) and high temperature caused a further 12% and 35% decrease in fruit yield at low and high nitrogen, respectively”
e2“plants cultivated in controlled growth chambers”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 and high temperature decreased strawberry fruit yield by a further 35% at high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Fragaria × ananassaFragaria ×ananassae0
- Material
- Toyonokae0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2) and high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 35%e1
- Qualifier
- high nitrogene1
- Setting
- controlled growth chamberse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka”
e1“elevated CO(2) and high temperature caused a further 12% and 35% decrease in fruit yield at low and high nitrogen, respectively”
e2“plants cultivated in controlled growth chambers”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application had no beneficial effect on strawberry fruit yield.
- Taxon
- Fragaria × ananassaFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- nitrogen applicatione3
- Outcome
- fruit yielde3
- Direction
- no beneficial effecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka”
e3“nitrogen application has no beneficial effect on fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fewer inflorescences and smaller umbel size during flower induction caused the reduction of strawberry fruit yield under elevated CO2 and high temperature.
- Taxon
- Fragaria × ananassaFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde4
- Direction
- reductione4
- Qualifier
- fewer inflorescences and smaller umbel size during flower inductione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka”
e4“The fewer inflorescences and smaller umbel size during flower induction caused the reduction of fruit yield at elevated CO(2) and high temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased sucrose export to the shoot apical meristem at floral transition may explain the lack of nitrogen benefit on yield.
- Taxon
- Fragaria × ananassaFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde3
- Qualifier
- decreased sucrose export to the shoot apical meristem at floral transitione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka”
e3“nitrogen application has no beneficial effect on fruit yield”
e4“this may be because of decreased sucrose export to the shoot apical meristem at floral transition”
Claim · model-written summary
Dilution by accumulated non-structural carbohydrates mainly caused the reduction of strawberry fruit nitrogen content and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae6
- Outcome
- fruit nitrogen content and antioxidant activitye7
- Qualifier
- dilution effect of accumulated non-structural carbohydratese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“but decreased fruit nitrogen content, total antioxidant capacity and all antioxidant compounds per dry matter in strawberry fruit”
e7“The reduction of fruit nitrogen content and antioxidant activity was mainly caused by the dilution effect of accumulated non-structural carbohydrates sourced from the increased net photosynthetic rate at elevated CO(2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 improved strawberry production, including yield and quality, at low temperature.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e1
- Outcome
- production of strawberry (including yield and quality)e1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Qualifier
- at low temperaturee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“elevated CO(2) improved the production of strawberry (including yield and quality) at low temperature, but decreased it at high temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased strawberry production, including yield and quality, at high temperature.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e1
- Outcome
- production of strawberry (including yield and quality)e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- at high temperaturee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“elevated CO(2) improved the production of strawberry (including yield and quality) at low temperature, but decreased it at high temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend more attention to the process of flower induction under climate change in strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Outcome
- the process of flower inductione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“elevated CO(2) improved the production of strawberry (including yield and quality) at low temperature, but decreased it at high temperature”
e2“more attention should be paid to the process of flower induction under climate change”
The same questions in other papers
heat · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →co2 · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →nitrogen · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results differ
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 48 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
56 papers more in this group
See all 60 papers →co2 · quality: general · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.