Abstract
Abstract The effects of N dose and stage of ripeness on Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Se and N concentration and incidence of fungal diseases were measured in winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems on neighbouring areas of a 10‐year‐old manure‐based farm. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the data showed that year had the greatest influence on the results, but that cropping system affected N, Ni, Fe and Se content and incidence of diseases. Attack by Dreschlera tritici‐repentis was highest in ORG and attack by Stagonospora nodorum in CONV. Increasing stage of maturity increased incidence of fungal disease and Fe content. Analysis of variance and MANOVA showed that wheat yield was affected by weather (precipitation and temperature), cropping system and N dose. The 10% lower yield in ORG than CONV was explained by a lower amount of plant available N at the same N dose. Nitrogen, Fe, Ni, Se and Co contents in grain were affected by year, while dry matter content was significantly lower in ORG than in CONV. The MANOVA identified correlations between Co and Fe, Ni and Se. Incidence of fungal diseases was foremost affected by weather, stage of ripeness and N dose. Organic cropping increased Fe and Se uptake and decreased S. nodorum attack, but increased attack by D. tritici‐repentis . Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Year had the greatest influence on the results of the principal components analysis in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- yeare1
- Outcome
- the resultse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e1“year had the greatest influence on the results”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping system affected N, Ni, Fe and Se content in winter wheat grain.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- cropping systeme2
- Outcome
- N, Ni, Fe and Se contente2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e2“cropping system affected N, Ni, Fe and Se content and incidence of diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping system affected the incidence of fungal diseases in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- cropping systeme2
- Outcome
- incidence of diseasese2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e2“cropping system affected N, Ni, Fe and Se content and incidence of diseases”
Claim · model-written summary
Attack by Dreschlera tritici‐repentis was highest in organic (ORG) winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ORGe3
- Interactor
- Dreschlera tritici‐repentise3pathogen
- Outcome
- attacke3
- Direction
- higheste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e3“Attack by Dreschlera tritici‐repentis was highest in ORG and attack by Stagonospora nodorum in CONV”
Claim · model-written summary
Attack by Stagonospora nodorum was higher in conventional (CONV) winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CONVe3
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorum
Parastagonospora nodorume3pathogen - Outcome
- attacke3
- Direction
- higherinferrede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e3“Attack by Dreschlera tritici‐repentis was highest in ORG and attack by Stagonospora nodorum in CONV”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic cropping increased Fe and Se uptake in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Organic croppinge4
- Outcome
- Fe and Se uptakee4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e4“Organic cropping increased Fe and Se uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing stage of maturity increased the incidence of fungal disease in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Increasing stage of maturitye5
- Outcome
- incidence of fungal diseasee5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e5“Increasing stage of maturity increased incidence of fungal disease and Fe content”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing stage of maturity increased Fe content in winter wheat grain.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Increasing stage of maturitye5
- Outcome
- Fe contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e5“Increasing stage of maturity increased incidence of fungal disease and Fe content”
Claim · model-written summary
Weather (precipitation and temperature) affected winter wheat yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- weather (precipitation and temperature)e6
- Outcome
- wheat yielde6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e6“wheat yield was affected by weather (precipitation and temperature), cropping system and N dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping system affected winter wheat yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- cropping systeme6
- Outcome
- wheat yielde6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e6“wheat yield was affected by weather (precipitation and temperature), cropping system and N dose”
Claim · model-written summary
N dose affected winter wheat yield.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N dosee6
- Outcome
- wheat yielde6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e6“wheat yield was affected by weather (precipitation and temperature), cropping system and N dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat yield in ORG was 10% lower than in CONV.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ORGe7
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Value
- 10%e7
- Comparator
- CONVe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e7“The 10% lower yield in ORG than CONV was explained by a lower amount of plant available N at the same N dose”
Claim · model-written summary
The lower yield in ORG winter wheat is explained by a lower amount of plant-available N at the same N dose.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- yielde7
- Qualifier
- a lower amount of plant available Ne7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e7“The 10% lower yield in ORG than CONV was explained by a lower amount of plant available N at the same N dose”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen, Fe and Ni contents in winter wheat grain were affected by year.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- yeare1
- Outcome
- Nitrogen, Fe, Nie1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e1“Nitrogen, Fe, Ni, Se and Co contents in grain were affected by year”
Claim · model-written summary
Se and Co contents in winter wheat grain were affected by year.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- yeare1
- Outcome
- Se and Co contentse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e1“Nitrogen, Fe, Ni, Se and Co contents in grain were affected by year”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter content of winter wheat grain was significantly lower in ORG than in CONV.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ORGe2
- Outcome
- dry matter contente2
- Direction
- significantly lowere2
- Comparator
- CONVe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e2“while dry matter content was significantly lower in ORG than in CONV”
Claim · model-written summary
Co was correlated with Fe, and Ni with Se, in winter wheat grain.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- Co and Fee3
- Outcome
- correlationse3
- Qualifier
- between Co and Fe, Ni and See3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e3“The MANOVA identified correlations between Co and Fe, Ni and Se”
Claim · model-written summary
Incidence of fungal diseases in winter wheat was foremost affected by weather, stage of ripeness and N dose.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- weather, stage of ripeness and N dosee4
- Outcome
- Incidence of fungal diseasese4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“winter wheat grain from conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) systems”
e4“Incidence of fungal diseases was foremost affected by weather, stage of ripeness and N dose”
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