Abstract
Volatile plant essential oils thymol and palmarosa oil, used at a concentration of 0.7%, were evaluated under field conditions for control of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The experimental fields were artificially infested with the bacterial pathogen. Two hours after infestation, the plant essential oils were applied, then the plots were sealed with plastic mulch for 3 or 6 days. Tomato seedlings were transplanted into the field 7 days later. In fall of 2002, 92.5% of tomato plants (cv. Equinox) wilted in the untreated control plots. Both thymol and palmarosa oil soil treatments reduced bacterial wilt incidence significantly. Thymol was more effective than palmarosa oil based on the final assessment, when 33.1 and 48.1% of the plants had wilted in plots treated with thymol and palmarosa oil, respectively. Soil treatment with either thymol or palmarosa oil produced significantly higher yield of tomato than the untreated control. In 2003, only thymol was evaluated. Thymol application significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence on the susceptible cultivar Solar Set. Disease incidence in untreated plots reached 65.5%, while in thymol treated plots only 12% of plants wilted. Thymol treatment also increased yield of Solar Set significantly compared with the untreated control. This is the first report on the use of thymol for controlling a plant disease under field conditions, which indicated that this compound provided effective control of bacterial wilt on susceptible tomato cultivars when used as preplant treatment of soils. Because of its volatile property and broad-spectrum functions, thymol shows potential to be used as a soil biofumigant for the management of various plant pathogens.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
In the 2002 field trial, thymol and palmarosa oil soil treatments significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence in tomato compared with untreated control plots.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- thymol and palmarosa oil soil treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- bacterial wilt incidencee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- untreated control plotse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
e1“Both thymol and palmarosa oil soil treatments reduced bacterial wilt incidence significantly”
e2“In fall of 2002, 92.5% of tomato plants (cv. Equinox) wilted in the untreated control plots”
Claim · model-written summary
In the final assessment, thymol was more effective than palmarosa oil against wilt, with 33.1% and 48.1% of plants wilted respectively.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- thymole3
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- the plants had wiltede3
- Direction
- more effectivee3
- Value
- 33.1 and 48.1%e3
- Comparator
- palmarosa oile3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
e3“Thymol was more effective than palmarosa oil based on the final assessment, when 33.1 and 48.1% of the plants had wilted in plots treated with thymol and palmarosa oil, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil treatment with thymol or palmarosa oil significantly increased tomato yield compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
- Treatment
- Soil treatment with either thymol or palmarosa oile4
- Outcome
- yield of tomatoe4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- untreated controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Soil treatment with either thymol or palmarosa oil produced significantly higher yield of tomato than the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol treatment significantly increased yield of the Solar Set tomato cultivar compared with the untreated control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Solar Sete5
- Treatment
- Thymol treatmente5
- Outcome
- yield of Solar Sete5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- untreated controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacterial Wilt of Tomato”
e5“Thymol treatment also increased yield of Solar Set significantly compared with the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2003, thymol application significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence on the susceptible Solar Set tomato cultivar, to 12% of plants versus 65.5% in untreated plots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- Solar Sete6
- Treatment
- Thymol applicatione6
- Interactor
- Ralstonia solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- bacterial wilt incidencee6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Value
- 12%e7
- Qualifier
- 65.5%e7
- Comparator
- untreated plotse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum”
e6“Thymol application significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence on the susceptible cultivar Solar Set”
e7“Disease incidence in untreated plots reached 65.5%, while in thymol treated plots only 12% of plants wilted”
Claim · model-written summary
Thymol is suggested for use as a soil biofumigant for managing plant pathogens in tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- used as a soil biofumigante1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Bacterial Wilt of Tomato”
e1“thymol shows potential to be used as a soil biofumigant for the management of various plant pathogens”
The same questions in other papers
thymol · Ralstonia solanacearum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
thymol · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.