Abstract
Swathing is an important canola (Brassica napus L.) harvest operation in western Canada. The determination of the optimum timing for this operation is worth considering, as premature swathing may lead to reduced seed yield and quality. Seed yield and quality of three canola cultivars (44A89, AC Excel and Ebony), as affected by two seeding dates and several harvest times (six or eight swathing times and one direct combined treatment) was investigated on a Black Chernozem silty loam soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, during 1998, 2000 and 2001. Seed yield, weight, protein content (oil-free meal basis) and oil content generally increased with seed development and swathing time. Early seeding was more conducive to achieving higher seed yield, especially in good growing conditions, and resulted in heavier mature seeds with higher oil content. Seed oil composition also changed during seed development. The proportion of oleic (C18:1) and linolenic (C18:3) acids increased, while that of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0), linoleic (C18:2) and ara chidic (C20:0) acids decreased. The levels of the long chain fatty acids eicosenoic (C20:1) and erucic (C22:1) acids were unaffected. However, the overall amount of fatty acids synthesized (mg 100 seeds -1 ) increased as seeds matured. Swathing was advantageous over direct combining in preventing weather-induced shattering. Key words: Brassica napus, canola, fatty acid, oil, protein, seed development, seed quality, shattering, direct combining, swathing
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Canola seed yield and weight generally increased with development and later swathing.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napust0 - Treatment
- swathing timee0
- Outcome
- Seed yield, weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield, weight, protein content (oil-free meal basis) and oil content generally increased with seed development and swathing time.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola seed protein and oil content generally increased with development and swathing time.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- swathing timee0
- Outcome
- protein content (oil-free meal basis) and oil contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield, weight, protein content (oil-free meal basis) and oil content generally increased with seed development and swathing time.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Early seeding favored higher canola seed yield, especially in good growing conditions.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Early seedinge0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- especially in good growing conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early seeding was more conducive to achieving higher seed yield, especially in good growing conditions, and resulted in heavier mature seeds with higher oil content.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Early seeding produced heavier mature canola seeds.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Early seedinge0
- Outcome
- mature seedse0
- Direction
- heaviere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early seeding was more conducive to achieving higher seed yield, especially in good growing conditions, and resulted in heavier mature seeds with higher oil content.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Early seeding increased oil content of mature canola seeds.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Early seedinge0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early seeding was more conducive to achieving higher seed yield, especially in good growing conditions, and resulted in heavier mature seeds with higher oil content.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola seed oil composition changed during development.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- Seed oil compositione0
- Direction
- changede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed oil composition also changed during seed development.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of oleic and linolenic acids increased during canola seed development.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- oleic (C18:1) and linolenic (C18:3) acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of oleic (C18:1) and linolenic (C18:3) acids increased, while that of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0), linoleic (C18:2) and ara chidic (C20:0) acids decreased.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportions of myristic, palmitic and palmitoleic acids decreased during canola seed development.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of oleic (C18:1) and linolenic (C18:3) acids increased, while that of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0), linoleic (C18:2) and ara chidic (C20:0) acids decreased.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportions of stearic, linoleic and ara chidic acids decreased during canola seed development.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- stearic (C18:0), linoleic (C18:2) and ara chidic (C20:0) acidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of oleic (C18:1) and linolenic (C18:3) acids increased, while that of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0), linoleic (C18:2) and ara chidic (C20:0) acids decreased.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Eicosenoic and erucic acid levels were unaffected during canola seed development.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- eicosenoic (C20:1) and erucic (C22:1) acidse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of the long chain fatty acids eicosenoic (C20:1) and erucic (C22:1) acids were unaffected.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Total fatty acids synthesized increased as canola seeds matured.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- overall amount of fatty acids synthesizede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the overall amount of fatty acids synthesized (mg 100 seeds -1 ) increased as seeds matured.”
t0“canola”
Claim · model-written summary
Swathing prevented weather-induced shattering better than direct combining.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Swathinge0
- Outcome
- weather-induced shatteringe0
- Direction
- advantageouse0
- Comparator
- direct combininge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Swathing was advantageous over direct combining in preventing weather-induced shattering.”
t0“canola”
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