Abstract
Abstract Several studies have demonstrated improved growth of plants infected with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) compared to non-AMF plants. The growth responses of garlic (Allium sativum" L.) to an AMF in soil fertilized with different levels of phosphorus (P) were studied under field conditions. Garlic cloves were planted in furrows after treatment with different P levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 Kg P ha−1), and with or without the AMF Glomus fasciculatum. Roots were sampled at three growth stages to quantify AMF. AMF colonization occurred at all samplings and the root colonization by AMF increased gradually with time, peaking at mid-bulb filling stage in the AMF-inoculated treatments. The AMF-inoculated plants had higher fresh bulb yield and mean bulb weight than uninoculated plants regardless of P level. This increase in yield and mean bulb weight was associated with a significant increase in the bulb P total accumulation of AMF inoculated plants. The enhancement in fresh bulb yield and mean bulb weight due to AMF-inoculation was highest in plots fertilized with 20 Kg P ha−1, whereas the AMF inoculation had no significant effect on these characters at higher P levels (40 and 60 Kg P ha−1). The AMF inoculant had no effect on bulb P concentration in plots fertilized with 60 Kg P ha−1, but increased the P total accumulation of garlic plants at all P levels. Results of this study indicate that garlic was dependent on mycorrhizae and responded to an AMF inoculant in soils containing intermediate levels of P. Therefore, AMF inoculants should be introduced into soil to ensure satisfactory garlic yields and reduced P fertilization. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The financial support by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology is greatly appreciated.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization occurred at every root sampling.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonization occurred at all samplingse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF colonization occurred at all samplings”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF root colonization increased with time and peaked at mid-bulb filling in inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Organ / stage
- mid-bulb filling stagee0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root colonization by AMFe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root colonization by AMF increased gradually with time, peaking at mid-bulb filling stage in the AMF-inoculated treatments”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased fresh bulb yield and mean bulb weight regardless of phosphorus level.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- AMF-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh bulb yield and mean bulb weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- uninoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AMF-inoculated plants had higher fresh bulb yield and mean bulb weight than uninoculated plants regardless of P level”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield and bulb weight increases were associated with increased bulb phosphorus accumulation.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatede0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- bulb P total accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This increase in yield and mean bulb weight was associated with a significant increase in the bulb P total accumulation of AMF inoculated plants”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF benefit to yield and bulb weight was highest at 20 Kg P ha−1.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- AMF-inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- fresh bulb yield and mean bulb weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 20 Kg P ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhancement in fresh bulb yield and mean bulb weight due to AMF-inoculation was highest in plots fertilized with 20 Kg P ha−1”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
At 40 and 60 Kg P ha−1, AMF did not significantly alter yield or mean bulb weight.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- these characterse0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
- Qualifier
- higher P levels (40 and 60 Kg P ha−1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the AMF inoculation had no significant effect on these characters at higher P levels (40 and 60 Kg P ha−1)”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 Kg P ha−1, AMF had no effect on bulb phosphorus concentration.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculante0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- bulb P concentratione0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- 60 Kg P ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AMF inoculant had no effect on bulb P concentration in plots fertilized with 60 Kg P ha−1”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased total phosphorus accumulation at every phosphorus level.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculante1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- P total accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all P levelse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the P total accumulation of garlic plants at all P levels”
e1“The AMF inoculant had no effect on bulb P concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend AMF inoculants to maintain garlic yields with less phosphorus fertilizer.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF inoculants should be introduced into soil to ensure satisfactory garlic yields and reduced P fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculants should be introduced into soil to ensure satisfactory garlic yields and reduced P fertilization”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.