Abstract
The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) resistance (R) gene Cf-9 is required for resistance to races of the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum expressing the elicitor Avr9 and also confers responsiveness to Avr9 in Cf-9-containing transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum; Cf9 tobacco). Although protein phosphorylation is required for many early Avr9/Cf-9-signaling events, so far the only phosphorylation targets known in this race-specific signaling pathway are three kinases: the two mitogen-activated protein kinases, wound-induced protein kinase and salicylic acid-induced protein kinase, and the calcium-dependent protein kinase NtCDPK2. Here, we provide evidence that a tobacco syntaxin is rapidly and transiently phosphorylated after Avr9 elicitation. The syntaxin was detected with an antibody against NtSyp121, a plasma membrane-localized syntaxin implicated in abscisic acid responses and secretion. Consistent with the gene-for-gene hypothesis, syntaxin phosphorylation required the presence of both Avr9 and Cf-9. This phosphorylation event occurred either upstream of the pathway leading to reactive oxygen species production or in a parallel pathway. Interestingly, rapid syntaxin phosphorylation was triggered by the race-specific elicitor Avr9 but not by flg22(P.aer), a general elicitor capable of inducing other defense-related signaling events in Cf9 tobacco such as reactive oxygen species production, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and PR5 transcript up-regulation. Furthermore, NtSyp121 transcript levels were increased at 24 h after elicitation with Avr9 but not with flg22(P.aer). Because most other previously described Avr9- and flg22(P.aer)-elicited responses are similar, syntaxin phosphorylation and NtSyp121 transcript up-regulation may serve as novel early biochemical and late molecular markers, respectively, to elucidate further differences in the signaling responses between these two elicitors.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Avr9 elicitation rapidly and transiently phosphorylated a tobacco syntaxin.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- Avr9 elicitatione0
- Gene
- syntaxine0
- Outcome
- syntaxine0
- Direction
- phosphorylatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a tobacco syntaxin is rapidly and transiently phosphorylated after Avr9 elicitation”
Claim · model-written summary
Syntaxin phosphorylation required both Avr9 and Cf-9.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- Avr9e0
- Gene
- Cf-9e0
- Outcome
- syntaxin phosphorylatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“syntaxin phosphorylation required the presence of both Avr9 and Cf-9”
e1“Cf-9-containing transgenic tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Syntaxin phosphorylation lay upstream of ROS production or in a parallel pathway.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Gene
- syntaxine1
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species productione0
- Qualifier
- either upstream of the pathway leading to reactive oxygen species production or in a parallel pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This phosphorylation event occurred either upstream of the pathway leading to reactive oxygen species production or in a parallel pathway”
e1“a tobacco syntaxin”
Claim · model-written summary
Avr9 triggered rapid syntaxin phosphorylation in Cf9 tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- Avr9e0
- Outcome
- syntaxin phosphorylatione0
- Direction
- triggerede0
- Comparator
- flg22(P.aer)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rapid syntaxin phosphorylation was triggered by the race-specific elicitor Avr9 but not by flg22(P.aer)”
e1“in Cf9 tobacco such as reactive oxygen species production”
Claim · model-written summary
Flg22 did not trigger rapid syntaxin phosphorylation in Cf9 tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- flg22(P.aer)e0
- Outcome
- syntaxin phosphorylatione0
- Comparator
- Avr9e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rapid syntaxin phosphorylation was triggered by the race-specific elicitor Avr9 but not by flg22(P.aer)”
e1“in Cf9 tobacco such as reactive oxygen species production”
Claim · model-written summary
Avr9 increased NtSyp121 transcript levels at 24 hours.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- Avr9e0
- Gene
- NtSyp121e0
- Outcome
- NtSyp121 transcript levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at 24 he0
- Comparator
- flg22(P.aer)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NtSyp121 transcript levels were increased at 24 h after elicitation with Avr9 but not with flg22(P.aer)”
e1“in Cf9 tobacco such as reactive oxygen species production”
Claim · model-written summary
Flg22 did not increase NtSyp121 transcript levels at 24 hours.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- flg22(P.aer)e0
- Gene
- NtSyp121e0
- Outcome
- NtSyp121 transcript levelse0
- Qualifier
- at 24 he0
- Comparator
- Avr9e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NtSyp121 transcript levels were increased at 24 h after elicitation with Avr9 but not with flg22(P.aer)”
e1“in Cf9 tobacco such as reactive oxygen species production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose phosphorylation and transcript upregulation as markers distinguishing the elicitors.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Gene
- NtSyp121e0
- Outcome
- early biochemical and late molecular markerse0
- Comparator
- two elicitorse0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“syntaxin phosphorylation and NtSyp121 transcript up-regulation may serve as novel early biochemical and late molecular markers, respectively, to elucidate further differences in the signaling responses between these two elicitors”
e1“in Cf9 tobacco such as reactive oxygen species production”
The same questions in other papers
resistance inducer · molecular: expression · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.