Abstract
Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines) developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The seed was treated with the fungicides benomil, metalaxyl and fludioxonil and the insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid and kept for a year in a storage facility. Analysis of variance showed that there were highly significant differences among the genotypes, chemical treatments, and storage periods. Highly significant differences were also recorded for all the interactions among the factors studied. On average, the highest germination energy was found in the hybrid H2 (93.45%), whose values of this parameter were highly significantly higher than those of the rest of the genotypes, except for the hybrid H1. Also, each of the hybrids had highly significantly higher germination energy than either of the two lines, and the differences among the hybrids themselves were highly significant. Looking at the chemical treatments, the control had the highest germination energy by a highly significant margin (80.39%). The largest difference was observed in relation to the treatments with insecticides (5.48 and 9.56%). These treatments had highly significantly lower values of germination energy than those involving fungicides. Germination energy increased in the first nine months of storage, peaking at 81.29%. After that, there was a sharp drop to 68.94% after 12 months of storing. Differences among the different storage periods were all highly significant except for that between six and nine months of storage, which was not statistically significant.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrid H2 had the highest germination energy on average (93.45%), higher than the other genotypes except hybrid H1.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Material
- hybrid H2e2
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 93.45%e2
- Comparator
- the rest of the genotypese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines)”
e2“On average, the highest germination energy was found in the hybrid H2 (93.45%), whose values of this parameter were highly significantly higher than those of the rest of the genotypes, except for the hybrid H1”
Claim · model-written summary
Hybrids had higher germination energy than either of the two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- hybridse3
- Outcome
- germination energye3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- either of the two linese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines)”
e3“Also, each of the hybrids had highly significantly higher germination energy than either of the two lines, and the differences among the hybrids themselves were highly significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination energy differed highly significantly among the hybrids themselves.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- hybridse3
- Outcome
- germination energye3
- Qualifier
- the differences among the hybrids themselves were highly significante3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines)”
e3“Also, each of the hybrids had highly significantly higher germination energy than either of the two lines, and the differences among the hybrids themselves were highly significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with insecticides lowered germination energy relative to treatments with fungicides, the largest difference being 5.48 and 9.56%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- the treatments with insecticidese5
- Outcome
- germination energye4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Value
- 5.48 and 9.56%e5
- Comparator
- those involving fungicidese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines)”
e4“These treatments had highly significantly lower values of germination energy than those involving fungicides”
e5“The largest difference was observed in relation to the treatments with insecticides (5.48 and 9.56%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The untreated control had the highest germination energy compared with the chemical treatments (80.39%).
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- chemical treatmentse6
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 80.39%e6
- Comparator
- the controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines)”
e6“Looking at the chemical treatments, the control had the highest germination energy by a highly significant margin (80.39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination energy increased during the first nine months of storage, peaking at 81.29%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- storagee7
- Outcome
- germination energye7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 81.29%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines)”
e7“Germination energy increased in the first nine months of storage, peaking at 81.29%. After that, there was a sharp drop to 68.94% after 12 months of storing. Differences among the different storage periods were all highly significant except for that between six and nine months of storage, which was not statistically significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination energy dropped sharply to 68.94% after 12 months of storage.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- 12 months of storinge7
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Direction
- drope7
- Value
- 68.94%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines)”
e7“Germination energy increased in the first nine months of storage, peaking at 81.29%. After that, there was a sharp drop to 68.94% after 12 months of storing. Differences among the different storage periods were all highly significant except for that between six and nine months of storage, which was not statistically significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences in germination energy among genotypes, chemical treatments and storage periods.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Qualifier
- highly significant differences among the genotypes, chemical treatments, and storage periodse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines)”
e1“Analysis of variance showed that there were highly significant differences among the genotypes, chemical treatments, and storage periods”
Claim · model-written summary
All interactions among the studied factors had highly significant effects on germination energy.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Qualifier
- all the interactions among the factors studiede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines)”
e1“Analysis of variance showed that there were highly significant differences among the genotypes, chemical treatments, and storage periods. Highly significant differences were also recorded for all the interactions among the factors studied”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination energy did not differ significantly between six and nine months of storage.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- storage periodse7
- Outcome
- germination energye0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Comparator
- between six and nine months of storagee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using the standard method, we studied the germination energy of seed of seven different sunflower genotypes (five hybrids and two cytoplasmically male sterile female lines)”
e7“Germination energy increased in the first nine months of storage, peaking at 81.29%. After that, there was a sharp drop to 68.94% after 12 months of storing. Differences among the different storage periods were all highly significant except for that between six and nine months of storage, which was not statistically significant”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.