Abstract
To elucidate a physiological mechanism of heat stress mitigation by exogenous glucose, seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures. We investigated whether glucose can protect cucumber plantlets and chloroplast ultrastructure from heat and whether this protection is associated with antioxidant enzymes, proline, and soluble sugars. Heat inhibited plant growth, disorganized membranes of 86.33 % of chloroplasts, and elevated the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O2 .-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). An optimum concentration of glucose was 30 mM as it significantly alleviated plant growth inhibition and obviously reduced the content of MDA, O2 .-, and H2O2 under the heat stress. The pretreatment with 30 mM glucose mitigated heat-induced damage of chloroplast ultrastructure and changes in leaf morphology more than 30 mM mannitol suggesting that glucose did not act only as osmolyte. Moreover, the glucose pretreatment increased activities of some antioxidant enzymes and enhanced the content of proline and soluble sugars under the heat stress, as well as the transcriptions of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase genes. We conclude that the pretreatment with 30 mM glucose protected chloroplast ultrastructure and enhanced heat tolerance of the seedlings by the increased activites of antioxidants and the content of proline and soluble sugars, and repressed accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress inhibited plant growth of cucumber seedlings relative to normal temperature.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- heate1
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Comparator
- normale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e1“Heat inhibited plant growth, disorganized membranes of 86.33 % of chloroplasts, and elevated the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O2 .-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress disorganized the membranes of 86.33 % of chloroplasts relative to normal temperature.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- heate1
- Outcome
- membranese1
- Direction
- disorganizede1
- Value
- 86.33 %e1
- Comparator
- normale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e1“Heat inhibited plant growth, disorganized membranes of 86.33 % of chloroplasts, and elevated the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O2 .-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat stress elevated the content of MDA, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide relative to normal temperature.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- heate1
- Outcome
- the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O2 .-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e1
- Direction
- elevatede1
- Comparator
- normale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e1“Heat inhibited plant growth, disorganized membranes of 86.33 % of chloroplasts, and elevated the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide radical (O2 .-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 30 mM glucose concentration significantly alleviated heat-induced plant growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- glucosee2
- Outcome
- plant growth inhibitione2
- Direction
- alleviatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e2“An optimum concentration of glucose was 30 mM as it significantly alleviated plant growth inhibition and obviously reduced the content of MDA, O2 .-, and H2O2 under the heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose pretreatment reduced the content of MDA, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide under heat stress.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- glucosee2
- Outcome
- content of MDA, O2 .-, and H2O2e2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e2“An optimum concentration of glucose was 30 mM as it significantly alleviated plant growth inhibition and obviously reduced the content of MDA, O2 .-, and H2O2 under the heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with 30 mM glucose mitigated heat-induced damage of chloroplast ultrastructure and leaf morphology changes more than 30 mM mannitol.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with 30 mM glucosee3
- Outcome
- heat-induced damage of chloroplast ultrastructure and changes in leaf morphologye3
- Direction
- mitigatede3
- Comparator
- 30 mM mannitole3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e3“The pretreatment with 30 mM glucose mitigated heat-induced damage of chloroplast ultrastructure and changes in leaf morphology more than 30 mM mannitol”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose protects against heat damage not only as an osmolyte, since it did not act only as osmolyte.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- glucosee4
- Outcome
- heat-induced damage of chloroplast ultrastructuree3
- Qualifier
- did not act only as osmolytee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e3“The pretreatment with 30 mM glucose mitigated heat-induced damage of chloroplast ultrastructure and changes in leaf morphology more than 30 mM mannitol”
e4“suggesting that glucose did not act only as osmolyte”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose pretreatment increased the activities of some antioxidant enzymes under heat stress.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- glucose pretreatmente5
- Outcome
- activities of some antioxidant enzymese5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e5“the glucose pretreatment increased activities of some antioxidant enzymes and enhanced the content of proline and soluble sugars under the heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose pretreatment enhanced the content of proline and soluble sugars under heat stress.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- glucose pretreatmente5
- Outcome
- the content of proline and soluble sugarse5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e5“the glucose pretreatment increased activities of some antioxidant enzymes and enhanced the content of proline and soluble sugars under the heat stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose pretreatment increased transcription of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase genes under heat stress.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- glucose pretreatmente5
- Gene
- Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalasee6
- Outcome
- transcriptions of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalasee6
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e5“the glucose pretreatment increased activities of some antioxidant enzymes and enhanced the content of proline and soluble sugars under the heat stress”
e6“as well as the transcriptions of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose pretreatment increased transcription of glutathione reductase genes under heat stress.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- glucose pretreatmente5
- Gene
- glutathione reductasee6
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase genese6
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e5“the glucose pretreatment increased activities of some antioxidant enzymes and enhanced the content of proline and soluble sugars under the heat stress”
e6“as well as the transcriptions of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose pretreatment enhanced heat tolerance of cucumber seedlings.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with 30 mM glucosee7
- Outcome
- heat tolerance of the seedlingse7
- Direction
- enhancede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e7“the pretreatment with 30 mM glucose protected chloroplast ultrastructure and enhanced heat tolerance of the seedlings by the increased activites of antioxidants and the content of proline and soluble sugars, and repressed accumulation of reactive oxygen species”
Claim · model-written summary
The enhanced heat tolerance is explained by increased antioxidant activities, proline and soluble sugars, and repressed reactive oxygen species accumulation.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with 30 mM glucosee7
- Outcome
- heat tolerance of the seedlingse7
- Qualifier
- by the increased activites of antioxidants and the content of proline and soluble sugars, and repressed accumulation of reactive oxygen speciese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings of Cucumis sativus cv. Jinchun No. 4 were pretreated with glucose and then exposed to normal (25/18 °C) and elevated (42/38 °C) temperatures”
e7“the pretreatment with 30 mM glucose protected chloroplast ultrastructure and enhanced heat tolerance of the seedlings by the increased activites of antioxidants and the content of proline and soluble sugars, and repressed accumulation of reactive oxygen species”
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