Abstract
The effects of different methods of applying procymidone, either alone or combined, were evaluated for control of white rot (caused by Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) in onions at 2 sites in Victoria.Field trials at Colac showed that seed treatments combined with sprays to the soil surface gave the most effective control of white rot, reducing disease from 78 to 16% and increasing yields from 5.7 to 14.6 t/ha in brown onions. Sprays applied to the soil surface at 2.5 kg a.i./ha had no effect on emergence and reduced disease incidence from 65.3 to 21.7%. Seed treatment at 25 g procymidone/kg seed delayed the onset of disease by 80 days and reduced disease incidence by 30%. The same treatment also reduced plant emergence by more than 27% and, therefore, did not increase yields. Dispersible granules (5 or 10%; at 2.5 kg procymidone/ha) were as effective as the soil sprays at sowing. Stem base sprays applied 11 and 19 weeks after sowing reduced disease incidence slightly but did not increase yields. Procymidone applied with bands of fertiliser 2 or 5 cm below the seed was not effective. Two formulations of procymidone, Sumisclex 500 (50% a.i.) and 275 Flocol (27.5% a.i.), were equally effective in controlling white rot. At Lang Lang, root-dips of 14-week-old seedlings in 5 g procymidone/L reduced white rot in transplanted white globe onions. Procymidone concentrations of 0.05-50 g a.i./L applied for periods ranging from 2 s to 30 min had no effect on plant establishment in a glasshouse.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Combined seed treatment and soil sprays reduced white rot from 78 to 16%.
- Taxon
- brown onionse0
- Treatment
- seed treatments combined with sprays to the soil surfacee0
- Outcome
- white rote0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- 78e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“seed treatments combined with sprays to the soil surface gave the most effective control of white rot, reducing disease from 78 to 16% and increasing yields from 5.7 to 14.6 t/ha in brown onions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined seed treatment and soil sprays increased onion yield from 5.7 to 14.6 t/ha.
- Taxon
- brown onionse0
- Treatment
- seed treatments combined with sprays to the soil surfacee0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 14.6 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 5.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“seed treatments combined with sprays to the soil surface gave the most effective control of white rot, reducing disease from 78 to 16% and increasing yields from 5.7 to 14.6 t/ha in brown onions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil surface sprays at 2.5 kg a.i./ha did not affect emergence.
- Taxon
- onions
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- Sprays applied to the soil surface at 2.5 kg a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprays applied to the soil surface at 2.5 kg a.i./ha had no effect on emergence”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil surface sprays reduced disease incidence from 65.3 to 21.7%.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Sprays applied to the soil surface at 2.5 kg a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 21.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 65.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sprays applied to the soil surface at 2.5 kg a.i./ha had no effect on emergence and reduced disease incidence from 65.3 to 21.7%.”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment delayed disease onset by 80 days.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment at 25 g procymidone/kg seede0
- Outcome
- onset of diseasee0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 80 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment at 25 g procymidone/kg seed delayed the onset of disease by 80 days”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment reduced disease incidence by 30%.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Seed treatment at 25 g procymidone/kg seede0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment at 25 g procymidone/kg seed delayed the onset of disease by 80 days and reduced disease incidence by 30%.”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
The same seed treatment reduced emergence by over 27%.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- The same treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- more than 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same treatment also reduced plant emergence by more than 27%”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
The seed treatment did not increase yields.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“therefore, did not increase yields.”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
Dispersible granules were as effective as soil sprays at sowing.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Dispersible granules (5 or 10%; at 2.5 kg procymidone/ha)e0
- Outcome
- as effectivee0
- Direction
- as effectivee0
- Comparator
- the soil sprayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dispersible granules (5 or 10%; at 2.5 kg procymidone/ha) were as effective as the soil sprays at sowing.”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem base sprays slightly reduced disease incidence.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Stem base sprays applied 11 and 19 weeks after sowinge0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem base sprays applied 11 and 19 weeks after sowing reduced disease incidence slightly but did not increase yields.”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem base sprays did not increase yields.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Stem base sprays applied 11 and 19 weeks after sowinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem base sprays applied 11 and 19 weeks after sowing reduced disease incidence slightly but did not increase yields.”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
Procymidone fertilizer bands were ineffective.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Procymidone applied with bands of fertiliser 2 or 5 cm below the seede0
- Outcome
- not effectivee0
- Direction
- not effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Procymidone applied with bands of fertiliser 2 or 5 cm below the seed was not effective.”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
The two procymidone formulations controlled white rot equally well.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Sumisclex 500e0
- Outcome
- controlling white rote0
- Direction
- equally effectivee0
- Comparator
- 275 Flocole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two formulations of procymidone, Sumisclex 500 (50% a.i.) and 275 Flocol (27.5% a.i.), were equally effective in controlling white rot.”
t0“onions”
Claim · model-written summary
Root dips reduced white rot in transplanted white globe onions.
- Taxon
- white globe onionse0
- Treatment
- root-dips of 14-week-old seedlings in 5 g procymidone/Le0
- Outcome
- white rote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- Lang Lange0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At Lang Lang, root-dips of 14-week-old seedlings in 5 g procymidone/L reduced white rot in transplanted white globe onions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Procymidone concentration and dip duration had no effect on establishment in a glasshouse.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- Procymidone concentrations of 0.05-50 g a.i./Le0
- Outcome
- plant establishmente0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Setting
- a glasshousee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Procymidone concentrations of 0.05-50 g a.i./L applied for periods ranging from 2 s to 30 min had no effect on plant establishment in a glasshouse.”
t0“onions”
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