Abstract
Abstract The plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens strains PF1, TDK1, and PY15 were evaluated individually and in combinations for their efficacy against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, in rice plants under in vitro, glass house and field conditions. Culture filtrates of these strains either individually or as mixture inhibited egg hatching and caused mortality of juveniles of M. graminicola in vitro. The efficacy was more pronounced when filtrates of the strain were used as mixtures than as individual strains. Mixtures of P. fluorescens strains signficantly reduced M. graminicola infestation when applied as bacterial suspensions through seed treatment. The higher activity of peroxidase and chitinase enzymes was observed in plants treated with P. fluorescens mixtures than the plants treated with individual strains, two strain mixtures and untreated control. In field trials on rice, talc formulations of the P. fluorescens strains individually as well as mixtures were evaluated as seed treatment, soil treatment and combination of both. A mixture of the three strains was the most effective when applied either as seed + soil treatment or as seed treatment alone. The introduced P. fluorescens strains survived endophytically on rice roots. The application of the P. fluorescens mixture PF1 + TDK1 + PY15 in seed + soil treatment resulted in higher grain yield which provided a 27.3% increase over the control followed by P. fluorescens mixture PF1 + TDK1 + PY15 in seed treatment alone, which increased the grain yield of rice by 24.7% compared to the control.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Culture filtrates of the bacterial strains inhibited nematode egg hatching.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Culture filtrates of these strainse0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- egg hatchinge0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Culture filtrates of these strains either individually or as mixture inhibited egg hatching and caused mortality of juveniles of M. graminicola in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
The filtrates caused juvenile nematode mortality in vitro.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Culture filtrates of these strainse0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- mortality of juveniles of M. graminicolae0
- Direction
- causede0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Culture filtrates of these strains either individually or as mixture inhibited egg hatching and caused mortality of juveniles of M. graminicola in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures of filtrates were more effective than individual strains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- filtrates of the strain were used as mixturese0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- individual strainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The efficacy was more pronounced when filtrates of the strain were used as mixtures than as individual strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment with bacterial strain mixtures significantly reduced nematode infestation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- bacterial suspensions through seed treatmente0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- M. graminicola infestatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Mixtures of P. fluorescens strains signficantly reduced M. graminicola infestation when applied as bacterial suspensions through seed treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants treated with the three strain mixture had higher peroxidase and chitinase activity than the comparison groups.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens mixturese0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- activity of peroxidase and chitinase enzymese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- individual strains, two strain mixtures and untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The higher activity of peroxidase and chitinase enzymes was observed in plants treated with P. fluorescens mixtures than the plants treated with individual strains, two strain mixtures and untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
The three strain mixture was most effective as combined seed and soil treatment or seed treatment alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- A mixture of the three strainse0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“A mixture of the three strains was the most effective when applied either as seed + soil treatment or as seed treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Introduced bacterial strains survived inside rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- survived endophytically on rice rootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The introduced P. fluorescens strains survived endophytically on rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined seed and soil treatment raised grain yield by 27.3% over control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens mixture PF1 + TDK1 + PY15 in seed + soil treatmente0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 27.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The application of the P. fluorescens mixture PF1 + TDK1 + PY15 in seed + soil treatment resulted in higher grain yield which provided a 27.3% increase over the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment alone raised rice grain yield by 24.7% over control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescens mixture PF1 + TDK1 + PY15 in seed treatment alonee0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“P. fluorescens mixture PF1 + TDK1 + PY15 in seed treatment alone, which increased the grain yield of rice by 24.7% compared to the control”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.