Abstract
Abstract Iron‐inefficient soybeans (Glycine max L. cultivar PI54619–5–1) were grown in a glasshouse in calcareous Hacienda loam soil with S and H2SO4 sufficient to neutralize the CaCO3 and mixed throughout the soil. They were also applied in the lower one‐half of the soil in the pots. The H2SO4 regardless of how it was placed increased Fe uptake, but the S was much less effective. Both S and H2SO4 increased Mn uptake, but the S did not increase Al uptake while the H2SO4 increased it considerably. Sulfur and a commercial form of Fe oxide were mixed singly and together in a band in the middle of pots of soil in which were grown Fe‐inefficient rice (Oryza sativa L. cultivar Norin 8), corn (Zea mays L. Ys1 /Ys1 inbred), soybeans, and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cultivar Combine Kafir 60). Each of the five species responded differently. Rice responded only slightly to the Fe2O3 and considerably to the S. Corn responded somewhat to the Fe2O3, but was injured by Zn toxicity with the S application which seemed not to increase Fe uptake. Soybeans responded to combined Fe2O3 and S and not at all to S alone, but slightly to Fe2O3 alone. The sorghum was not Fe‐deficient in the noncalcareous soil in which it was grown. The Fe2O3 increased its Fe uptake, however, but S did not. The results indicate that responses of Fe‐inefficient plant species to agricultural S differ greatly and that banding applications of S or H2SO4 in calcareous soils in which only part of the soil is neutralized may result in correction of Fe deficiency in at least some species. Sulfuric acid sufficient to neutralize the CaCO3 in 2% of the soil (all of the soil in the center of the pot) prevented Fe deficiency in PI54619–5–1 soybeans.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfuric acid increased soybean iron uptake regardless of placement.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- PI54619–5–1e0
- Treatment
- H2SO4e1
- Outcome
- Fe uptakee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron‐inefficient soybeans (Glycine max L. cultivar PI54619–5–1)”
e1“The H2SO4 regardless of how it was placed increased Fe uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur was much less effective than sulfuric acid at raising soybean iron uptake.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron‐inefficient soybeans (Glycine max L. cultivar PI54619–5–1)”
e1“The H2SO4 regardless of how it was placed increased Fe uptake, but the S was much less effective”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur increased soybean manganese uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Se1
- Outcome
- Mn uptakee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron‐inefficient soybeans (Glycine max L. cultivar PI54619–5–1)”
e1“Both S and H2SO4 increased Mn uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfuric acid increased soybean manganese uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- H2SO4e1
- Outcome
- Mn uptakee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron‐inefficient soybeans (Glycine max L. cultivar PI54619–5–1)”
e1“Both S and H2SO4 increased Mn uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur did not increase soybean aluminum uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Se1
- Outcome
- Al uptakee1
- Direction
- did not increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron‐inefficient soybeans (Glycine max L. cultivar PI54619–5–1)”
e1“the S did not increase Al uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfuric acid considerably increased soybean aluminum uptake.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- H2SO4e1
- Outcome
- Al uptakee2
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron‐inefficient soybeans (Glycine max L. cultivar PI54619–5–1)”
e1“the H2SO4 increased it considerably”
e2“Al uptake while the H2SO4”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice responded slightly to iron oxide.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Norin 8e0
- Treatment
- Fe2O3e1
- Outcome
- responded only slightlye1
- Direction
- responded only slightlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L. cultivar Norin 8)”
e1“Rice responded only slightly to the Fe2O3”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice responded considerably to sulfur.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Se1
- Outcome
- considerablye1
- Direction
- considerablye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L. cultivar Norin 8)”
e1“Rice responded only slightly to the Fe2O3 and considerably to the S”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn responded somewhat to iron oxide.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Fe2O3e1
- Outcome
- responded somewhate1
- Direction
- responded somewhate1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn (Zea mays L. Ys1 /Ys1 inbred)”
e1“Corn responded somewhat to the Fe2O3”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur application injured corn through zinc toxicity.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- S applicatione1
- Outcome
- injured by Zn toxicitye1
- Direction
- injurede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn (Zea mays L. Ys1 /Ys1 inbred)”
e1“was injured by Zn toxicity with the S application”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur did not appear to increase corn iron uptake.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- S applicatione1
- Outcome
- Fe uptakee1
- Direction
- not to increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn (Zea mays L. Ys1 /Ys1 inbred)”
e1“S application which seemed not to increase Fe uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans responded to combined iron oxide and sulfur.
- Taxon
- SoybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- combined Fe2O3 and Se1
- Outcome
- respondede1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron‐inefficient soybeans (Glycine max L. cultivar PI54619–5–1)”
e1“Soybeans responded to combined Fe2O3 and S”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans did not respond to sulfur alone.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- S alonee1
- Outcome
- not at alle1
- Direction
- not at alle1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron‐inefficient soybeans (Glycine max L. cultivar PI54619–5–1)”
e1“not at all to S alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybeans responded slightly to iron oxide alone.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Fe2O3 alonee1
- Outcome
- slightlye1
- Direction
- slightlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron‐inefficient soybeans (Glycine max L. cultivar PI54619–5–1)”
e1“slightly to Fe2O3 alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum was not iron deficient in its noncalcareous soil.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cultivar Combine Kafir 60)”
e1“The sorghum was not Fe‐deficient in the noncalcareous soil in which it was grown”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron oxide increased sorghum iron uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cultivar Combine Kafir 60)”
e1“The Fe2O3 increased its Fe uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur did not increase sorghum iron uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cultivar Combine Kafir 60)”
e1“but S did not”
e2“Fe uptake, however, but S did not”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfuric acid neutralizing calcium carbonate in 2% of soil prevented iron deficiency in PI54619–5–1 soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Material
- PI54619–5–1e0
- Treatment
- Sulfuric acid sufficient to neutralize the CaCO3 in 2% of the soile0
- Outcome
- Fe deficiencye0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfuric acid sufficient to neutralize the CaCO3 in 2% of the soil (all of the soil in the center of the pot) prevented Fe deficiency in PI54619–5–1 soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that banded sulfur or sulfuric acid can correct iron deficiency in at least some species.
Verbatim
e0“banding applications of S or H2SO4 in calcareous soils in which only part of the soil is neutralized may result in correction of Fe deficiency in at least some species”
e1“Fe‐inefficient plant species”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
33 papers more in this group
See all 37 papers →calcium carbonate · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
sulfur atom · nutrient: content · SorghumPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
sulfur atom · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- no effect
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.