Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate rice plant architecture, including leaf bending, which affects grain yield. Although BR signaling has been investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana, the components negatively regulating this pathway are less well understood. Here, we demonstrate that Oryza sativa LEAF and TILLER ANGLE INCREASED CONTROLLER (LIC) acts as an antagonistic transcription factor of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) to attenuate the BR signaling pathway. The gain-of-function mutant lic-1 and LIC-overexpressing lines showed erect leaves, similar to BZR1-depleted lines, which indicates the opposite roles of LIC and BZR1 in regulating leaf bending. Quantitative PCR revealed LIC transcription rapidly induced by BR treatment. Image analysis and immunoblotting showed that upon BR treatment LIC proteins translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a phosphorylation-dependent fashion. Phosphorylation assay in vitro revealed LIC phosphorylated by GSK3-like kinases. For negative feedback, LIC bound to the core element CTCGC in the BZR1 promoter on gel-shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and repressed its transcription on transient transformation assay. LIC directly regulated target genes such as INCREASED LEAF INCLINATION 1 (ILI1) to oppose the action of BZR1. Repression of LIC in ILI1 transcription in protoplasts was partially rescued by BZR1. Phenotypic analysis of the crossed lines depleted in both LIC and BZR1 suggested that BZR1 functionally depends on LIC. Molecular and physiology assays revealed that LIC plays a dominant role at high BR levels, whereas BZR1 is dominant at low levels. Thus, LIC regulates rice leaf bending as an antagonistic transcription factor of BZR1. The phenotypes of lic-1 and LIC-overexpressing lines in erect leaves contribute to ideal plant architecture. Improving this phenotype may be a potential approach to molecular breeding for high yield in rice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
LIC antagonizes BZR1 and attenuates BR signaling.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Gene
- LICe0
- Outcome
- BR signaling pathwaye0
- Direction
- attenuatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oryza sativa LEAF and TILLER ANGLE INCREASED CONTROLLER (LIC) acts as an antagonistic transcription factor of BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) to attenuate the BR signaling pathway.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
lic-1 and LIC overexpressing lines had erect leaves like BZR1 depleted lines.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- lic-1 and LIC-overexpressing linese0
- Gene
- LICe0
- Outcome
- erect leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gain-of-function mutant lic-1 and LIC-overexpressing lines showed erect leaves, similar to BZR1-depleted lines”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment rapidly induced LIC transcription.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quantitative PCR revealed LIC transcription rapidly induced by BR treatment.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment drove phosphorylation dependent LIC translocation to the nucleus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BR treatmente0
- Gene
- LIC proteinse0
- Outcome
- translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleuse0
- Qualifier
- phosphorylation-dependent fashione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upon BR treatment LIC proteins translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a phosphorylation-dependent fashion.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GSK3 like kinases phosphorylated LIC in vitro.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- LICe0
- Outcome
- LIC phosphorylated by GSK3-like kinasese0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorylation assay in vitro revealed LIC phosphorylated by GSK3-like kinases.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
LIC bound the CTCGC core element in the BZR1 promoter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- LICe0
- Outcome
- bound to the core element CTCGC in the BZR1 promotere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LIC bound to the core element CTCGC in the BZR1 promoter on gel-shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
LIC repressed BZR1 transcription.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- LICe0
- Outcome
- repressed its transcriptione0
- Direction
- repressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LIC bound to the core element CTCGC in the BZR1 promoter on gel-shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and repressed its transcription on transient transformation assay.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
LIC directly regulated ILI1 opposite to BZR1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- LICe0
- Outcome
- INCREASED LEAF INCLINATION 1 (ILI1)e0
- Direction
- opposee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LIC directly regulated target genes such as INCREASED LEAF INCLINATION 1 (ILI1) to oppose the action of BZR1.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BZR1 partially rescued LIC repression of ILI1 transcription in protoplasts.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BZR1e0
- Outcome
- Repression of LIC in ILI1 transcriptione0
- Direction
- rescuede0
- Setting
- protoplastse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Repression of LIC in ILI1 transcription in protoplasts was partially rescued by BZR1.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BZR1 functionally depends on LIC according to crossed line phenotypes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- crossed lines depleted in both LIC and BZR1e0
- Gene
- BZR1e0
- Outcome
- BZR1 functionally depends on LICe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenotypic analysis of the crossed lines depleted in both LIC and BZR1 suggested that BZR1 functionally depends on LIC.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
LIC dominates at high BR levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- LICe0
- Outcome
- dominant rolee0
- Qualifier
- high BR levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LIC plays a dominant role at high BR levels, whereas BZR1 is dominant at low levels.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BZR1 dominates at low BR levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- BZR1e0
- Outcome
- dominante0
- Qualifier
- low levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LIC plays a dominant role at high BR levels, whereas BZR1 is dominant at low levels.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Improving erect leaf architecture may support high yield molecular breeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- molecular breeding for high yielde0
- Qualifier
- Improving this phenotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Improving this phenotype may be a potential approach to molecular breeding for high yield in rice.”
t0“LIC in Rice”
The same questions in other papers
brassinolide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.