Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plant pathogens as well as for their host plants. As Fe plays a central role in pathogen virulence, most plants have evolved Fe-withholding strategies to reduce Fe availability to pathogens. On the other hand, plants need Fe for an oxidative burst in their basal defense response against pathogens. To investigate how the plant Fe nutritional status affects plant tolerance to a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, we employed the maize-Colletotrichum graminicola pathosystem. Fungal infection progressed rapidly via biotrophic to necrotrophic growth in Fe-deficient leaves, while an adequate Fe nutritional status suppressed the formation of infection structures of C. graminicola already during the early biotrophic growth phase. As indicated by Prussian blue and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining, the retarding effect of an adequate Fe nutritional status on fungal development coincided temporally and spatially with the recruitment of Fe to infection sites and a local production of H2 O2 . A similar coincidence between local Fe and H2 O2 accumulation was found in a parallel approach employing C. graminicola mutants affected in Fe acquisition and differing in virulence. These results indicate that an adequate Fe nutritional status delays and partially suppresses the fungal infection process and the biotrophic growth phase of C. graminicola, most likely via the recruitment of free Fe to the fungal infection site for a timely oxidative burst.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
An adequate Fe nutritional status suppressed formation of C. graminicola infection structures in the early biotrophic growth phase, compared with Fe-deficient leaves.
- Organ / stage
- early biotrophic growth phasee1
- Treatment
- an adequate Fe nutritional statuse1
- Interactor
- C. graminicola
_G.W._Wilson_1235209.jpg?width=60)
Colletotrichum graminicolae1pathogen - Outcome
- formation of infection structurese1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Comparator
- Fe-deficient leavese1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_G.W._Wilson_1235209.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“An adequate Fe nutritional status of maize suppresses infection”
e1“Fungal infection progressed rapidly via biotrophic to necrotrophic growth in Fe-deficient leaves, while an adequate Fe nutritional status suppressed the formation of infection structures of C. graminicola already during the early biotrophic growth phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal infection progressed rapidly via biotrophic to necrotrophic growth in Fe-deficient leaves.
- Treatment
- Fe-deficient leavese1
- Interactor
- C. graminicolaColletotrichum graminicolae1pathogen
- Outcome
- Fungal infection progressed rapidly via biotrophic to necrotrophic growthe1
- Direction
- progressed rapidlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An adequate Fe nutritional status of maize suppresses infection”
e1“Fungal infection progressed rapidly via biotrophic to necrotrophic growth in Fe-deficient leaves, while an adequate Fe nutritional status suppressed the formation of infection structures of C. graminicola already during the early biotrophic growth phase”
Claim · model-written summary
An adequate Fe nutritional status retarded fungal development.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An adequate Fe nutritional status of maize suppresses infection”
e2“the retarding effect of an adequate Fe nutritional status on fungal development coincided temporally and spatially with the recruitment of Fe to infection sites and a local production of H2 O2”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal development under an adequate Fe status coincided with Fe recruitment to infection sites and local H2O2 production.
- Treatment
- an adequate Fe nutritional statuse2
- Outcome
- recruitment of Fe to infection sites and a local production of H2 O2e2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An adequate Fe nutritional status of maize suppresses infection”
e2“the retarding effect of an adequate Fe nutritional status on fungal development coincided temporally and spatially with the recruitment of Fe to infection sites and a local production of H2 O2”
Claim · model-written summary
Local Fe and H2O2 accumulation coincided in C. graminicola mutants affected in Fe acquisition and differing in virulence.
- Material
- C. graminicola mutants affected in Fe acquisitione3
- Interactor
- C. graminicolaColletotrichum graminicolae3pathogen
- Outcome
- local Fe and H2 O2 accumulatione3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An adequate Fe nutritional status of maize suppresses infection”
e3“A similar coincidence between local Fe and H2 O2 accumulation was found in a parallel approach employing C. graminicola mutants affected in Fe acquisition and differing in virulence”
Claim · model-written summary
An adequate Fe nutritional status delays and partially suppresses the fungal infection process and the biotrophic growth phase of C. graminicola.
- Treatment
- an adequate Fe nutritional statuse4
- Interactor
- C. graminicolaColletotrichum graminicolae4pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal infection process and the biotrophic growth phasee4
- Direction
- delays and partially suppressese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An adequate Fe nutritional status of maize suppresses infection”
e4“these results indicate that an adequate Fe nutritional status delays and partially suppresses the fungal infection process and the biotrophic growth phase of C. graminicola, most likely via the recruitment of free Fe to the fungal infection site for a timely oxidative burst”
Claim · model-written summary
Most likely, an adequate Fe status limits C. graminicola biotrophic growth by recruiting free Fe to the infection site for a timely oxidative burst.
- Outcome
- biotrophic growth phasee4
- Qualifier
- recruitment of free Fe to the fungal infection site for a timely oxidative burste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“An adequate Fe nutritional status of maize suppresses infection”
e4“these results indicate that an adequate Fe nutritional status delays and partially suppresses the fungal infection process and the biotrophic growth phase of C. graminicola, most likely via the recruitment of free Fe to the fungal infection site for a timely oxidative burst”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.