Abstract
The effect of thiocarbamates (S-ethyldipropylthiocarbamate and diallate), substituted ureas (monuron and diuron), and uracils (bromacil and terbacil) on lipid metabolism in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves was investigated under nonphotosynthetic conditions. The uptake of [1- 14 C]acetate by leaf disks was inhibited by the thiocarbamates and marginally by the substituted ureas, but not by the uracil herbicides. The uptake of [methyl- 14 C]choline was inhibited to a lesser extent by thiocarbamates, while the other herbicides showed a slight stimulation. The thiocarbamates almost completely inhibited uptake of [ 32 P]orthophosphate at 1.0 mM concentration, while diuron and terbacil showed significant inhibition. [1- 14 C]Acetate incorporation into lipids was inhibited only by diallate. [methyl- 14 C]Choline incorporation into the choline phosphoglycerides was inhibited by diallate, diuron, and bromacil. The incorporation of [ 32 P]orthophosphate into phospholipids was substantially inhibited (over 90% at 1.0 mM) by the thiocarbamates, but not by the other herbicides. [ 35 S]Sulfate incorporation into sulfoquinovosyl diglycerides was markedly inhibited only by the thiocarbamates. Fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplasts was inhibited 40–85% by thiocarbamates, substituted ureas, and bromacil, but not by terbacil. The inhibitory effect of the urea derivatives was reversible, but that of thiocarbamates was irreversible. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(s) of the chloroplast and microsomal fractions were profoundly inhibited by thiocarbamates, but not by the other two groups of herbicides. Phosphatidic acid phosphatase was insensitive to all the herbicides tested.Key words: herbicides, thiocarbamates, substituted ureas, uracils, effects on plant lipids.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Thiocarbamate herbicides inhibited [1-14C]acetate uptake by groundnut leaf disks.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- thiocarbamatese1
- Outcome
- uptake of [1- 14 C]acetate by leaf diskse1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e1“The uptake of [1- 14 C]acetate by leaf disks was inhibited by the thiocarbamates and marginally by the substituted ureas, but not by the uracil herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituted urea herbicides marginally inhibited [1-14C]acetate uptake by groundnut leaf disks.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- substituted urease1
- Outcome
- uptake of [1- 14 C]acetate by leaf diskse1
- Direction
- marginallye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e1“The uptake of [1- 14 C]acetate by leaf disks was inhibited by the thiocarbamates and marginally by the substituted ureas, but not by the uracil herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Uracil herbicides did not change [1-14C]acetate uptake by groundnut leaf disks.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- uracil herbicidese1
- Outcome
- uptake of [1- 14 C]acetate by leaf diskse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e1“The uptake of [1- 14 C]acetate by leaf disks was inhibited by the thiocarbamates and marginally by the substituted ureas, but not by the uracil herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiocarbamates inhibited [methyl-14C]choline uptake to a lesser extent than acetate uptake.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- thiocarbamatese2
- Outcome
- uptake of [methyl- 14 C]cholinee2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e2“The uptake of [methyl- 14 C]choline was inhibited to a lesser extent by thiocarbamates, while the other herbicides showed a slight stimulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The other herbicides slightly stimulated [methyl-14C]choline uptake in groundnut leaf disks.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- the other herbicidese2
- Outcome
- uptake of [methyl- 14 C]cholinee2
- Direction
- stimulatione2
- Qualifier
- slighte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e2“The uptake of [methyl- 14 C]choline was inhibited to a lesser extent by thiocarbamates, while the other herbicides showed a slight stimulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiocarbamates almost completely inhibited [32P]orthophosphate uptake at 1.0 mM.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- thiocarbamatese3
- Outcome
- uptake of [ 32 P]orthophosphatee3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
- Qualifier
- at 1.0 mM concentratione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e3“The thiocarbamates almost completely inhibited uptake of [ 32 P]orthophosphate at 1.0 mM concentration, while diuron and terbacil showed significant inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Diuron and terbacil significantly inhibited [32P]orthophosphate uptake.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- diuron and terbacile3
- Outcome
- uptake of [ 32 P]orthophosphatee3
- Direction
- significant inhibitione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e3“The thiocarbamates almost completely inhibited uptake of [ 32 P]orthophosphate at 1.0 mM concentration, while diuron and terbacil showed significant inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
Diallate inhibited [1-14C]acetate incorporation into lipids in groundnut leaves.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- diallatee4
- Outcome
- [1- 14 C]Acetate incorporation into lipidse4
- Direction
- inhibitede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e4“[1- 14 C]Acetate incorporation into lipids was inhibited only by diallate”
Claim · model-written summary
Diallate, diuron and bromacil inhibited [methyl-14C]choline incorporation into choline phosphoglycerides.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- diallate, diuron, and bromacile5
- Outcome
- [methyl- 14 C]Choline incorporation into the choline phosphoglyceridese5
- Direction
- inhibitede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e5“[methyl- 14 C]Choline incorporation into the choline phosphoglycerides was inhibited by diallate, diuron, and bromacil”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiocarbamates substantially inhibited [32P]orthophosphate incorporation into phospholipids by over 90% at 1.0 mM.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- thiocarbamatese6
- Outcome
- The incorporation of [ 32 P]orthophosphate into phospholipidse6
- Direction
- substantially inhibitede6
- Value
- over 90%e6
- Qualifier
- at 1.0 mMe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e6“The incorporation of [ 32 P]orthophosphate into phospholipids was substantially inhibited (over 90% at 1.0 mM) by the thiocarbamates, but not by the other herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Other herbicides did not change [32P]orthophosphate incorporation into phospholipids.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- the other herbicidese6
- Outcome
- The incorporation of [ 32 P]orthophosphate into phospholipidse6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e6“The incorporation of [ 32 P]orthophosphate into phospholipids was substantially inhibited (over 90% at 1.0 mM) by the thiocarbamates, but not by the other herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiocarbamates markedly inhibited [35S]sulfate incorporation into sulfoquinovosyl diglycerides.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- thiocarbamatese7
- Outcome
- [ 35 S]Sulfate incorporation into sulfoquinovosyl diglyceridese7
- Direction
- markedly inhibitede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e7“[ 35 S]Sulfate incorporation into sulfoquinovosyl diglycerides was markedly inhibited only by the thiocarbamates”
Claim · model-written summary
Fatty acid synthesis by isolated groundnut chloroplasts was inhibited 40-85% by thiocarbamates, substituted ureas and bromacil.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- thiocarbamates, substituted ureas, and bromacile2
- Outcome
- Fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplastse2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Value
- 40–85%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e2“Fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplasts was inhibited 40–85% by thiocarbamates, substituted ureas, and bromacil, but not by terbacil”
Claim · model-written summary
Terbacil did not inhibit fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplasts.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- terbacile2
- Outcome
- Fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplastse2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e2“Fatty acid synthesis by isolated chloroplasts was inhibited 40–85% by thiocarbamates, substituted ureas, and bromacil, but not by terbacil”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitory effect of urea derivatives on groundnut leaf lipid metabolism was reversible.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- urea derivativese3
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte3
- Qualifier
- reversiblee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e3“The inhibitory effect of the urea derivatives was reversible, but that of thiocarbamates was irreversible”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitory effect of thiocarbamates on groundnut leaf lipid metabolism was irreversible.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- thiocarbamatese3
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte3
- Qualifier
- irreversiblee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e3“The inhibitory effect of the urea derivatives was reversible, but that of thiocarbamates was irreversible”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiocarbamates profoundly inhibited sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(s) of chloroplast and microsomal fractions.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- thiocarbamatese4
- Outcome
- sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(s)e4
- Direction
- inhibitede4
- Qualifier
- of the chloroplast and microsomal fractionse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e4“sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(s) of the chloroplast and microsomal fractions were profoundly inhibited by thiocarbamates, but not by the other two groups of herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
The other two herbicide groups did not inhibit sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(s).
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- the other two groups of herbicidese4
- Outcome
- sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(s)e4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e4“sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase(s) of the chloroplast and microsomal fractions were profoundly inhibited by thiocarbamates, but not by the other two groups of herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphatidic acid phosphatase of groundnut leaves was insensitive to all herbicides tested.
- Taxon
- Arachis hypogaeaArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- all the herbicides testede5
- Outcome
- Phosphatidic acid phosphatasee5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaves”
e5“Phosphatidic acid phosphatase was insensitive to all the herbicides tested”
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