Abstract
To understand the mechanism of action of ethylene in pistillate flower induction in cucumber plants, the effects of Ethrel, an ethylene releasing reagent, and gaseous ethylene were studied. The present investigation was aimed at clarifying the site of action of ethylene in inducing pistillate flowers and the role of leaves in expression of the effect.Localized treatment of either the 1st, 2nd or 3rd leaf, or shoot tip with Ethrel stimulated the production of pistillate flowers as much as when the whole plant or both 2nd leaf and shoot tip were treated. Better yields were obtained when the shoot tip or physiologically most active leaf were subjected to the treatment. Ethrel treatment of the shoot tip or roots was effective in inducing pistillate flowers in the presence but not the absence of mature leaves. When the expanded leaves were removed from the plant, leaving only the 2nd leaf to apply Ethrel to, the subsequent time of its removal gave an indication of the time needed for the required amount of Ethrel to be translocated to the shoot tip for the production of pistillate flowers. When the 2nd leaf was removed after 6 hours, no pistillate flowers were produced, while some flowers appeared when the leaf was removed 12 to 24 hours after the treatment. As the time of removal of the leaf was delayed, the number of pistillate flowers due to Ethrel increased, when the leaf was removed 10 days after treatment almost the same number of pistillate flowers were obtained as in non-defoliated plants. Application of ethylene gas to the shoot tip alone could induce pistillate flowers, but not when all expanded leaves were detached from the plant. Also, ethylene treatment of a mature leaf failed to induce pistillate flowers. Ethrel treatment of a single leaf stimulated abundant ethylene evolution not only from the treated region, but also from the shoot tip. When Ethrel was applied to the shoot tip, ethylene evolution from the treated region was much higher in defoliated than in nondefoliated plants. This may be due to the absence of expanded leaves which act as a sink, thus causing accumulation of Ethrel in the shoot tip.These results imply that the differentiation of pistillate flower is not only controlled by ethylene but that some factor which is produced in mature leaves and migrates into the shoot tip has to be coupled with a high level of ethylene for the formation of pistillate flowers. Furthermore, the results suggest that the site of action of ethylene is the floral bud itself in a certain developmental stage.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Localized Ethrel treatment of the 1st, 2nd or 3rd leaf or shoot tip stimulated pistillate flower production as much as whole-plant treatment.
- Taxon
- Cucumber Plants
Cucumis sativust0 - Organ / stage
- 1st, 2nd or 3rd leaf, or shoot tipe1
- Treatment
- Localized treatment of either the 1st, 2nd or 3rd leaf, or shoot tip with Ethrele1
- Outcome
- production of pistillate flowerse1
- Direction
- stimulatede1
- Comparator
- whole plant or both 2nd leaf and shoot tipe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e1“Localized treatment of either the 1st, 2nd or 3rd leaf, or shoot tip with Ethrel stimulated the production of pistillate flowers as much as when the whole plant or both 2nd leaf and shoot tip were treated”
Claim · model-written summary
Better yields were obtained when the shoot tip or the most physiologically active leaf was treated with Ethrel.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- shoot tip or physiologically most active leafe2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- Bettere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e2“Better yields were obtained when the shoot tip or physiologically most active leaf were subjected to the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel treatment of the shoot tip or roots induced pistillate flowers only in the presence of mature leaves.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Ethrel treatment of the shoot tip or rootse3
- Outcome
- inducing pistillate flowerse3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Qualifier
- in the presence but not the absence of mature leavese3
- Comparator
- absence of mature leavese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e3“Ethrel treatment of the shoot tip or roots was effective in inducing pistillate flowers in the presence but not the absence of mature leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the 2nd leaf 6 hours after Ethrel treatment prevented pistillate flower production, whereas removal 12 to 24 hours after treatment allowed some flowers.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- the 2nd leaf was removed after 6 hourse4
- Outcome
- pistillate flowers were producede4
- Comparator
- the leaf was removed 12 to 24 hours after the treatmente4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e4“When the 2nd leaf was removed after 6 hours, no pistillate flowers were produced, while some flowers appeared when the leaf was removed 12 to 24 hours after the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Delaying leaf removal after Ethrel treatment was associated with more pistillate flowers.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- time of removal of the leaf was delayede5
- Outcome
- number of pistillate flowers due to Ethrele5
- Direction
- increasede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e5“As the time of removal of the leaf was delayed, the number of pistillate flowers due to Ethrel increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing the leaf 10 days after Ethrel treatment gave about the same number of pistillate flowers as non-defoliated plants.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- the leaf was removed 10 days after treatmente6
- Outcome
- number of pistillate flowerse6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Comparator
- non-defoliated plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e6“when the leaf was removed 10 days after treatment almost the same number of pistillate flowers were obtained as in non-defoliated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene gas applied to the shoot tip alone could induce pistillate flowers, but not when all expanded leaves were detached.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Application of ethylene gas to the shoot tip alonee7
- Outcome
- induce pistillate flowerse7
- Direction
- increaseinferrede7
- Comparator
- all expanded leaves were detached from the plante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e7“Application of ethylene gas to the shoot tip alone could induce pistillate flowers, but not when all expanded leaves were detached from the plant. Also, ethylene treatment of a mature leaf failed to induce pistillate flowers. Ethrel treatment of a single leaf stimulated abundant ethylene evolution not only from the treated region, but also from the shoot tip. When Ethrel was applied to the shoot tip, ethylene evolution from the treated region was much higher in defoliated than in nondefoliated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene treatment of a mature leaf failed to induce pistillate flowers.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- ethylene treatment of a mature leafe7
- Outcome
- induce pistillate flowerse7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e7“Application of ethylene gas to the shoot tip alone could induce pistillate flowers, but not when all expanded leaves were detached from the plant. Also, ethylene treatment of a mature leaf failed to induce pistillate flowers. Ethrel treatment of a single leaf stimulated abundant ethylene evolution not only from the treated region, but also from the shoot tip. When Ethrel was applied to the shoot tip, ethylene evolution from the treated region was much higher in defoliated than in nondefoliated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethrel treatment of a single leaf stimulated ethylene evolution from the treated region and from the shoot tip.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Ethrel treatment of a single leafe7
- Outcome
- ethylene evolutione7
- Direction
- stimulatede7
- Qualifier
- not only from the treated region, but also from the shoot tipe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e7“Application of ethylene gas to the shoot tip alone could induce pistillate flowers, but not when all expanded leaves were detached from the plant. Also, ethylene treatment of a mature leaf failed to induce pistillate flowers. Ethrel treatment of a single leaf stimulated abundant ethylene evolution not only from the treated region, but also from the shoot tip. When Ethrel was applied to the shoot tip, ethylene evolution from the treated region was much higher in defoliated than in nondefoliated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene evolution from the treated region after shoot-tip Ethrel application was higher in defoliated than in nondefoliated plants.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Ethrel was applied to the shoot tipe7
- Outcome
- ethylene evolution from the treated regione7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- nondefoliated plantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e7“Application of ethylene gas to the shoot tip alone could induce pistillate flowers, but not when all expanded leaves were detached from the plant. Also, ethylene treatment of a mature leaf failed to induce pistillate flowers. Ethrel treatment of a single leaf stimulated abundant ethylene evolution not only from the treated region, but also from the shoot tip. When Ethrel was applied to the shoot tip, ethylene evolution from the treated region was much higher in defoliated than in nondefoliated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Absence of expanded leaves, acting as a sink, may cause accumulation of Ethrel in the shoot tip.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Ethrel in the shoot tipe0
- Qualifier
- absence of expanded leaves which act as a sinke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e0“This may be due to the absence of expanded leaves which act as a sink, thus causing accumulation of Ethrel in the shoot tip.These results imply that the differentiation of pistillate flower is not only controlled by ethylene but that some factor which is produced in mature leaves and migrates into the shoot tip has to be coupled with a high level of ethylene for the formation of pistillate flowers. Furthermore, the results suggest that the site of action of ethylene is the floral bud itself in a certain developmental stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pistillate flower differentiation is not only controlled by ethylene; a factor from mature leaves is proposed to be needed together with high ethylene.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- differentiation of pistillate flowere0
- Qualifier
- some factor which is produced in mature leaves and migrates into the shoot tipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e0“This may be due to the absence of expanded leaves which act as a sink, thus causing accumulation of Ethrel in the shoot tip.These results imply that the differentiation of pistillate flower is not only controlled by ethylene but that some factor which is produced in mature leaves and migrates into the shoot tip has to be coupled with a high level of ethylene for the formation of pistillate flowers. Furthermore, the results suggest that the site of action of ethylene is the floral bud itself in a certain developmental stage.”
Claim · model-written summary
The site of action of ethylene for pistillate flower induction is proposed to be the floral bud itself at a certain developmental stage.
- Taxon
- Cucumber PlantsCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- floral bude0
- Outcome
- site of action of ethylenee0
- Qualifier
- in a certain developmental stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Femaleness of Cucumber Plants”
e0“This may be due to the absence of expanded leaves which act as a sink, thus causing accumulation of Ethrel in the shoot tip.These results imply that the differentiation of pistillate flower is not only controlled by ethylene but that some factor which is produced in mature leaves and migrates into the shoot tip has to be coupled with a high level of ethylene for the formation of pistillate flowers. Furthermore, the results suggest that the site of action of ethylene is the floral bud itself in a certain developmental stage.”
The same questions in other papers
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- positive
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.