Abstract
<ja:p>The aim of the study was to compare the effects of phosphorus fertilisers of different solubility and different phosphorus doses. The material was collected from 8 field experiments situated on drained peatlands in southern and central Finland (60°–65°N). The sites were drained, oligotrophic pine fens and pine bogs, which had been fertilised between 1961 and 1977 with different combinations of N, K and P. In 1991–94 stand measurements and foliar and peat sampling were carried out on 162 sample plots. Apatite, rock phosphate and superphosphate affected basal area growth to a rather similar extent. However, apatite slightly surpassed superphosphate and rock phosphate at the end of the study period in two hollow-rich S. fuscum bogs. Higher doses of phosphorus did not significantly increase the basal area growth. The foliar phosphorus concentrations clearly reflected the effect of the P fertilisation. Especially on the pine bogs basic fertilisation with 66 kg P/ha maintained the needle phosphorus concentrations at a satisfactory level for more than 25 years after fertilisation. The amount of phosphorus in the 0–20 cm peat layer was not significantly increased either by basic fertilisation or refertilisation. The phosphorus reserves in the peat in the individual experiments were between 88 and 327 kg/ha. There was a strong correlation between the amounts of phosphorus and iron in the peat. Large amounts of iron in peat may reduce the solubility and availability of phosphorus. According to the foliar phosphorus concentrations in the basic-fertilised plots, the need for refertilisation seems to be unnecessary during the 25-year postfertilisation period at least. None of the basic fertilisation treatments seriously retarded the basal area growth compared to the refertilised treatments. There seems to be a greater shortage of potassium than of phosphorus, because the foliar potassium concentrations and the amounts of potassium in the 0–20 cm peat layer were very low in several of the experiments.</ja:p>
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Apatite, rock phosphate and superphosphate had similar effects on basal area growth.
- Taxon
- Scots pine
Pinus sylvestrist0 - Treatment
- Apatite, rock phosphate and superphosphatee0
- Outcome
- basal area growthe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- superphosphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apatite, rock phosphate and superphosphate affected basal area growth to a rather similar extent”
t0“Scots pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Apatite slightly surpassed the two other phosphorus fertilizers in late growth on two hollow-rich bogs.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- apatitee0
- Outcome
- basal area growthe1
- Direction
- surpassede0
- Comparator
- superphosphate and rock phosphatee0
- Setting
- two hollow-rich S. fuscum bogse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“apatite slightly surpassed superphosphate and rock phosphate at the end of the study period in two hollow-rich S. fuscum bogs”
e1“Apatite, rock phosphate and superphosphate affected basal area growth to a rather similar extent”
t0“Scots pine stands on drained peatlands”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher phosphorus doses did not significantly increase basal area growth.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- Higher doses of phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- basal area growthe0
- Direction
- did not significantly increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher doses of phosphorus did not significantly increase the basal area growth”
t0“Scots pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Needle phosphorus concentrations reflected phosphorus fertilization.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- P fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- foliar phosphorus concentrationse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar phosphorus concentrations clearly reflected the effect of the P fertilisation”
t0“Scots pine”
Claim · model-written summary
On pine bogs, 66 kg P/ha maintained satisfactory needle phosphorus concentrations for over 25 years.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- basic fertilisation with 66 kg P/hae0
- Outcome
- needle phosphorus concentrationse0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Qualifier
- more than 25 years after fertilisatione0
- Setting
- pine bogse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Especially on the pine bogs basic fertilisation with 66 kg P/ha maintained the needle phosphorus concentrations at a satisfactory level for more than 25 years after fertilisation”
t0“Scots pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Basic fertilization and refertilization did not significantly raise phosphorus in the 0–20 cm peat layer.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- basic fertilisation or refertilisatione0
- Outcome
- amount of phosphorus in the 0–20 cm peat layere0
- Direction
- not significantly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of phosphorus in the 0–20 cm peat layer was not significantly increased either by basic fertilisation or refertilisation”
t0“Scots pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Peat phosphorus reserves ranged from 88 to 327 kg/ha across experiments.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Outcome
- phosphorus reserves in the peate0
- Value
- between 88 and 327 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phosphorus reserves in the peat in the individual experiments were between 88 and 327 kg/ha”
t0“Scots pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Peat phosphorus and iron amounts were strongly correlated.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Compound
- irone0
- Outcome
- amounts of phosphoruse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a strong correlation between the amounts of phosphorus and iron in the peat”
t0“Scots pine”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest high peat iron may lower phosphorus solubility and availability.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Compound
- irone0
- Outcome
- solubility and availability of phosphoruse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Large amounts of iron in peat may reduce the solubility and availability of phosphorus”
t0“Scots pine”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors consider refertilization unnecessary for at least 25 years based on foliar phosphorus.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Outcome
- refertilisation seems to be unnecessary during the 25-year postfertilisation period at leaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the need for refertilisation seems to be unnecessary during the 25-year postfertilisation period at least”
t0“Scots pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Basic fertilization did not seriously retard basal area growth relative to refertilization.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- basic fertilisation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- basal area growthe0
- Direction
- None of the basic fertilisation treatments seriously retardede0
- Comparator
- refertilised treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the basic fertilisation treatments seriously retarded the basal area growth compared to the refertilised treatments”
t0“Scots pine”
Claim · model-written summary
Low foliar and peat potassium indicated a greater potassium than phosphorus shortage.
- Taxon
- Scots pinePinus sylvestrist0
- Outcome
- shortage of potassiume0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- foliar potassium concentrations and the amounts of potassium in the 0–20 cm peat layer were very lowe0
- Comparator
- phosphoruse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There seems to be a greater shortage of potassium than of phosphorus, because the foliar potassium concentrations and the amounts of potassium in the 0–20 cm peat layer were very low in several of the experiments”
t0“Scots pine”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · growth · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
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fertilization · nutrient: content · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Positive and negative results
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8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
- positive
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29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.