Abstract
Two field studies were conducted at Morden, Manitoba in 1992 and 1993 to investigate the effect of seeding depth and seeding rate on flax and lentil recovery following spring application of dinitroanaline herbicides. In the first study, the effect of seeding depth on flax and lentil tolerance to ethalfluralin, pendimethalin and trifluralin, applied preplant soil incorporated at 1.1 kg a.i. ha −1 in the spring, was investigated. Deep seeding (6 cm) reduced flax population density by 59%, averaged over 2 yr, when compared with shallow seeding (3 cm). Ethalfluralin, pendimethalin and trifluralin, reduced flax population density, but the effect of herbicide was less when flax was seeded shallow. Trifluralin and ethalfluralin reduced flax yield more when the crop was seeded deep than when seeded shallow. Herbicide treatments had no effect on flax yield when the crop was seeded shallow. Ethalfluralin and trifluralin reduced lentil population density and seed yield in one year only. Pendimethalin did not reduce lentil population density or seed yield. Deep seeding did not affect lentil population density, seed yield or phytotoxicity of dinitroanalines in this crop. In a second study, flax and lentil were seeded at 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 kg ha −1 at 3 and 6 cm planting depths to assess the effect of seeding depth and seeding rate on crop recovery following spring application of ethalfluralin. In ethalfluralin treated plots, seeding rate had to be increased from 60 to > 90 kg ha −1 to achieve similar population densities as 45 kg ha −1 in untreated plots. Flax yields were unaffected by ethalfluralin when the crop was seeded shallow, but yields were reduced significantly when the crop was seeded deep. Lentil population density increased linearly with seeding rate. Lentil population density was unaffected by seeding depth or herbicide treatment. Ethalfluralin did not reduce lentil yield in either year. Lentil yields increased with seeding rate up to 30 kg ha −1 , with little further increase in yield for seeding rates between 30 and 90 kg ha −1 . Key words:Lens culinaris, Linum usitatissimum, population density, seeding depth, seeding rate, yield, seed test weight, ethalfluralin, pendimethalin, trifluralin
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Deep seeding reduced flax population density by 59% versus shallow seeding.
- Taxon
- flax
Linum usitatissimume0 - Treatment
- Deep seeding (6 cm)e0
- Outcome
- flax population densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 59%e0
- Comparator
- shallow seeding (3 cm)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep seeding (6 cm) reduced flax population density by 59%, averaged over 2 yr, when compared with shallow seeding (3 cm)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethalfluralin reduced flax population density, with a smaller effect under shallow seeding.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- Ethalfluraline0
- Outcome
- flax population densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- less when flax was seeded shallowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethalfluralin, pendimethalin and trifluralin, reduced flax population density, but the effect of herbicide was less when flax was seeded shallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin reduced flax population density, with a smaller effect under shallow seeding.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- flax population densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- less when flax was seeded shallowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethalfluralin, pendimethalin and trifluralin, reduced flax population density, but the effect of herbicide was less when flax was seeded shallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin reduced flax population density, with a smaller effect under shallow seeding.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- flax population densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- less when flax was seeded shallowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethalfluralin, pendimethalin and trifluralin, reduced flax population density, but the effect of herbicide was less when flax was seeded shallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin reduced flax yield more with deep than shallow seeding.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- Trifluraline0
- Outcome
- flax yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- when seeded shallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifluralin and ethalfluralin reduced flax yield more when the crop was seeded deep than when seeded shallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethalfluralin reduced flax yield more with deep than shallow seeding.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- ethalfluraline0
- Outcome
- flax yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- when seeded shallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trifluralin and ethalfluralin reduced flax yield more when the crop was seeded deep than when seeded shallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides did not affect flax yield under shallow seeding.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- Herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- flax yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Qualifier
- when the crop was seeded shallowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide treatments had no effect on flax yield when the crop was seeded shallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethalfluralin reduced lentil population density and seed yield in one year only.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise0 - Treatment
- Ethalfluraline0
- Outcome
- lentil population density and seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in one year onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethalfluralin and trifluralin reduced lentil population density and seed yield in one year only”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin reduced lentil population density and seed yield in one year only.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- trifluraline0
- Outcome
- lentil population density and seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in one year onlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethalfluralin and trifluralin reduced lentil population density and seed yield in one year only”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin did not reduce lentil density or seed yield.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- lentil population density or seed yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin did not reduce lentil population density or seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep seeding did not affect lentil density, yield, or herbicide phytotoxicity.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Deep seedinge0
- Outcome
- lentil population density, seed yield or phytotoxicity of dinitroanalinese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep seeding did not affect lentil population density, seed yield or phytotoxicity of dinitroanalines in this crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Under ethalfluralin, more than 90 kg ha −1 was needed for density comparable to untreated plots seeded at 45 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- flax and lentilLens culinarisLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- population densitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- > 90 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- 45 kg ha −1 in untreated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ethalfluralin treated plots, seeding rate had to be increased from 60 to > 90 kg ha −1 to achieve similar population densities as 45 kg ha −1 in untreated plots”
t0“flax and lentil”
Claim · model-written summary
Flax yield was unaffected by ethalfluralin with shallow seeding.
- Taxon
- FlaxLinum usitatissimume0
- Treatment
- ethalfluraline0
- Outcome
- Flax yieldse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- when the crop was seeded shallowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flax yields were unaffected by ethalfluralin when the crop was seeded shallow”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethalfluralin significantly reduced flax yield with deep seeding.
- Taxon
- flaxLinum usitatissimumt0
- Treatment
- ethalfluraline1
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- when the crop was seeded deepe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields were reduced significantly when the crop was seeded deep”
t0“flax”
e1“spring application of ethalfluralin”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil population density rose linearly with seeding rate.
- Taxon
- LentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- Lentil population densitye0
- Direction
- increased linearlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil population density increased linearly with seeding rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil density was unaffected by seeding depth or herbicide treatment.
- Taxon
- LentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- seeding depth or herbicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- Lentil population densitye0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil population density was unaffected by seeding depth or herbicide treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethalfluralin did not reduce lentil yield in either year.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- Ethalfluraline0
- Outcome
- lentil yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethalfluralin did not reduce lentil yield in either year”
Claim · model-written summary
Lentil yield rose with seeding rate to 30 kg ha −1, with little further increase through 90 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- LentilLens culinarise0
- Treatment
- seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- Lentil yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- little further increase in yield for seeding rates between 30 and 90 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lentil yields increased with seeding rate up to 30 kg ha −1 , with little further increase in yield for seeding rates between 30 and 90 kg ha −1”
The same questions in other papers
trifluralin · yield · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
pendimethalin · pest · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
trifluralin · pest · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
herbicide · pest · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
herbicide · yield · Linum usitatissimum (flax)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.