Abstract
Since fertilizer-grade ammonium nitrate is no longer available for general use in Canada, there is much discussion about the best management practices to minimize nitrogen (N) loss when fertilizing winter wheat. In two separate trials we compared several fall and spring N management options with the standard practice of spring-applied ammonium nitrate. In Study 1, the use of a coulter in fall or spring reduced seed yields, even when ammonium nitrate (AN) was broadcast in the spring, indicating crop damage. Spring broadcast applications of urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) produced yields equivalent to spring broadcast AN. Urea applied at the time of planting produced seed yields relative to spring application of AN. The late fall UAN treatment had lower yields than when this product was applied in the spring. Protein levels varied among site-years, but were generally lower than the marketing target of 115 g kg -1 , which indicates less than optimal N levels or N uptake. In both studies, late fall surface banded UAN was inferior to other products and timings. In Study 2, seed yield and protein content were similar for all forms of urea placed at seeding, and these were similar to spring broadcast AN. We also found that under the relatively low fall and spring moisture conditions encountered in Study 2 protected N sources did not increase N use efficiency.Key words: Winter wheat, nitrogen, protein, yield
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A coulter used in fall or spring reduced winter wheat seed yield, indicating crop damage.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- the use of a coulter in fall or springe1
- Outcome
- seed yieldse1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- indicating crop damagee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e1“the use of a coulter in fall or spring reduced seed yields, even when ammonium nitrate (AN) was broadcast in the spring, indicating crop damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring broadcast urea and UAN gave winter wheat yields equivalent to spring broadcast ammonium nitrate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Spring broadcast applications of urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN)e2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- equivalente2
- Comparator
- spring broadcast ANe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e2“Spring broadcast applications of urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) produced yields equivalent to spring broadcast AN”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea applied at planting gave seed yields relative to spring-applied ammonium nitrate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Urea applied at the time of plantinge3
- Outcome
- seed yieldse3
- Comparator
- spring application of ANe3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e3“Urea applied at the time of planting produced seed yields relative to spring application of AN”
Claim · model-written summary
Late fall UAN gave lower winter wheat yields than the same product applied in spring.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late fall UAN treatmente4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- when this product was applied in the springe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e4“The late fall UAN treatment had lower yields than when this product was applied in the spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter wheat protein levels were generally lower than the 115 g kg -1 marketing target and varied among site-years.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Protein levelse5
- Qualifier
- varied among site-yearse5
- Comparator
- the marketing target of 115 g kg -1e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e5“Protein levels varied among site-years, but were generally lower than the marketing target of 115 g kg -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Late fall surface banded UAN was inferior to other products and timings in both studies.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late fall surface banded UANe6
- Outcome
- inferior to other products and timingse6
- Direction
- inferiore6
- Comparator
- other products and timingse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e6“In both studies, late fall surface banded UAN was inferior to other products and timings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield and protein content of winter wheat were similar for all forms of urea placed at seeding and to spring broadcast ammonium nitrate.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- all forms of urea placed at seedinge7
- Outcome
- seed yield and protein contente7
- Direction
- similare7
- Comparator
- spring broadcast ANe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e7“seed yield and protein content were similar for all forms of urea placed at seeding, and these were similar to spring broadcast AN”
Claim · model-written summary
Protected N sources did not increase nitrogen use efficiency under the low fall and spring moisture of Study 2.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- protected N sourcese0
- Outcome
- N use efficiencye0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- under the relatively low fall and spring moisture conditions encountered in Study 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“winter wheat”
e0“under the relatively low fall and spring moisture conditions encountered in Study 2 protected N sources did not increase N use efficiency”
The same questions in other papers
urea ammonium nitrate · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →transplanting · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 129 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
172 papers more in this group
See all 176 papers →nitrogen · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
53 papers in the same direction as this paper · 400 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
450 papers more in this group
See all 454 papers →nitrogen · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
323 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1,737 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
2,057 papers more in this group
See all 2,061 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.