Abstract
Abstract Green manures (GM) may offset inorganic N needs and improve soil quality. Study objectives were to determine effects of green manure on soil‐N fertility, water use, soil quality, and yield of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). On two treatments, lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus cv. Indianhead) was green manured in a green manure‐spring wheat rotation. Lentil was killed by disking (GMMF) or chemicals (GMCF). Additional treatments were annually cropped wheat (AW) in a mechanical fallow (MF) or chemical fallow (CF) sequence. No inorganic N was used on GMMF and GMCF. Experiments were started in 1991 on a Williams loam (fine‐loamy, mixed Typic Argiboroll) near Culbertson, MT. Green‐manure treatments used 56 mm more water than fallow treatments when lentil was grown to lowerpod set. When lentil was killed at full bloom, there were no differences in water use among GM and fallow treatments. There were no differences among treatments in soil water at wheat planting. Wheat yield was 25% less on GM than on MF and CF. Soil NO 3 ‐N (0–0.6 m) was 35% less on GM than MF and CF rotations. There were no differences in soil quality indicators of bulk density, organic C, pH, electrical conductivity, and deep NO 3 ‐N (0.6–1.8 m) among treatments after two cycles of GM. Potentially mineralizable N was 66% greater on GM treatments than on fallow treatments. Short‐term results (5 yr) show that available N limited wheat production more than did soil water on the GM treatments. Soil improvement using green manures may require many additional cropping cycles.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield was 25% less on green manure than on mechanical and chemical fallow.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume3 - Treatment
- green manurede2
- Outcome
- Wheat yielde1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Value
- 25%e1
- Comparator
- MF and CFe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Wheat yield was 25% less on GM than on MF and CF”
e2“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus cv. Indianhead) was green manured”
e3“yield of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil NO3-N (0-0.6 m) was 35% less on green manure than on MF and CF rotations.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- GMe4
- Outcome
- Soil NO 3 ‐N (0–0.6 m)e4
- Direction
- lesse4
- Value
- 35%e4
- Comparator
- MF and CFe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“yield of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e4“Soil NO 3 ‐N (0–0.6 m) was 35% less on GM than MF and CF rotations”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk density, organic C and pH did not differ among treatments after two cycles of green manure.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- two cycles of GMe5
- Outcome
- bulk density, organic C, pHe5
- Direction
- no differencese5
- Comparator
- among treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“yield of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“There were no differences in soil quality indicators of bulk density, organic C, pH, electrical conductivity, and deep NO 3 ‐N (0.6–1.8 m) among treatments after two cycles of GM”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrical conductivity and deep NO3-N (0.6-1.8 m) did not differ among treatments after two cycles of green manure.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- two cycles of GMe5
- Outcome
- electrical conductivity, and deep NO 3 ‐N (0.6–1.8 m)e5
- Direction
- no differencese5
- Comparator
- among treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“yield of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“There were no differences in soil quality indicators of bulk density, organic C, pH, electrical conductivity, and deep NO 3 ‐N (0.6–1.8 m) among treatments after two cycles of GM”
Claim · model-written summary
Potentially mineralizable N was 66% greater on green manure treatments than on fallow treatments.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- GM treatmentse6
- Outcome
- Potentially mineralizable Ne6
- Direction
- greatere6
- Value
- 66%e6
- Comparator
- fallow treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“yield of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“Potentially mineralizable N was 66% greater on GM treatments than on fallow treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Available N limited wheat production more than soil water did on the green manure treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Compound
- available Ne7
- Outcome
- wheat productione7
- Qualifier
- more than did soil watere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“available N limited wheat production more than did soil water on the GM treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure treatments used 56 mm more water than fallow when lentil was grown to lower pod set.
- Taxon
- lentil
Lens culinarise1 - Treatment
- lentil was grown to lowerpod sete1
- Outcome
- watere1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 56 mme1
- Comparator
- fallow treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“used 56 mm more water than fallow treatments when lentil was grown to lowerpod set”
Claim · model-written summary
When lentil was killed at full bloom, water use did not differ between green manure and fallow treatments.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise1
- Treatment
- lentil was killed at full bloome1
- Outcome
- water usee1
- Direction
- no differencese1
- Comparator
- fallow treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When lentil was killed at full bloom, there were no differences in water use among GM and fallow treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water at wheat planting did not differ among treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- soil water at wheat plantinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“There were no differences among treatments in soil water at wheat planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil improvement using green manures may require many additional cropping cycles.
- Taxon
- lentilLens culinarise2
- Outcome
- Soil improvemente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus cv. Indianhead) was green manured”
e1“Soil improvement using green manures may require many additional cropping cycles”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- positive
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See all 214 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
322 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3,115 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3,434 papers more in this group
See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.