Abstract
The effects of carbofuran, a widely used carbamate pesticide, on soil enzymatic activities such as fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDAH), dehydrogenase, and acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied at different time intervals in unamended soil and soil amended with inorganic fertilizers and vermicompost, cropped with tomato plants. The results showed that all enzymatic activities varied with carbofuran application rates and increased significantly up to 1.0 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1 dose of carbofuran. The most significant increase was observed at 0.20 kg a.i. ha−1 dose both in unamended and amended soils. This showed that carbofuran was not toxic to all enzymatic activities studied upto 1.0 kg a.i. ha−1 dose of carbofuran in both systems. A significant decrease in all enzymatic activites were observed at higher dose of carbofuran both in unamended and amended soils relative to their respective controls. Highest enzymatic activities were observed in vermicompost amended soil and minimum in fertilized soil compared to control. The results indicated that the growth of tomato plants was significantly higher at 0.20 kg a.i. ha−1 dose of carbofuran in all the cases and followed the order: fertilized soil > vermicompost amended soil > natural soil and was positively correlated with the enzyme activities.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soil enzymatic activities (FDAH, dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases) in tomato-cropped soil varied with carbofuran application rate and increased significantly up to the 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 dose.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- carbofuran application ratese2
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- up to 1.0 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1 dose of carbofurane2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“cropped with tomato plants”
e2“all enzymatic activities varied with carbofuran application rates and increased significantly up to 1.0 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1 dose of carbofuran”
Claim · model-written summary
The most significant increase in soil enzymatic activities was at the 0.20 kg a.i. ha-1 carbofuran dose, in both unamended and amended soils.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 0.20 kg a.i. ha−1 dosee2
- Outcome
- most significant increasee2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Qualifier
- both in unamended and amended soilse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“cropped with tomato plants”
e2“The most significant increase was observed at 0.20 kg a.i. ha−1 dose both in unamended and amended soils”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant decrease in all soil enzymatic activities occurred at higher carbofuran doses, in unamended and amended soils, relative to their respective controls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- higher dose of carbofurane2
- Outcome
- all enzymatic activitese2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Qualifier
- both in unamended and amended soilse2
- Comparator
- respective controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“cropped with tomato plants”
e2“A significant decrease in all enzymatic activites were observed at higher dose of carbofuran both in unamended and amended soils relative to their respective controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzymatic activities were highest in vermicompost-amended soil compared with control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- vermicompost amended soile2
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese2
- Direction
- Higheste2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“cropped with tomato plants”
e2“Highest enzymatic activities were observed in vermicompost amended soil and minimum in fertilized soil compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzymatic activities were lowest in fertilized soil compared with control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- fertilized soile2
- Outcome
- enzymatic activitiese2
- Direction
- minimume2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“cropped with tomato plants”
e2“Highest enzymatic activities were observed in vermicompost amended soil and minimum in fertilized soil compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of tomato plants was significantly higher at the 0.20 kg a.i. ha-1 carbofuran dose in all the cases.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- 0.20 kg a.i. ha−1 dose of carbofurane1
- Outcome
- growth of tomato plantse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- in all the casese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the growth of tomato plants was significantly higher at 0.20 kg a.i. ha−1 dose of carbofuran in all the cases”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato growth followed the order fertilized soil > vermicompost-amended soil > natural soil.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- growth of tomato plantse1
- Qualifier
- fertilized soil > vermicompost amended soil > natural soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the growth of tomato plants was significantly higher at 0.20 kg a.i. ha−1 dose of carbofuran in all the cases and followed the order: fertilized soil > vermicompost amended soil > natural soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plant growth was positively correlated with the soil enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- enzyme activitiese1
- Outcome
- growth of tomato plantse1
- Direction
- positively correlatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the growth of tomato plants was significantly higher at 0.20 kg a.i. ha−1 dose of carbofuran in all the cases and followed the order: fertilized soil > vermicompost amended soil > natural soil and was positively correlated with the enzyme activities”
The same questions in other papers
carbofuran · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →fertilization · physiology: enzyme activity · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.