Abstract
Until recently, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. was thought to utilize only Ribes spp. (Grossulariaceae) as telial hosts in North America. During 2004, Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Benth. and Castilleja miniata Dougl. (Orobanchaceae) were proven as natural telial hosts at a subalpine site (48.634109°N, 116.570817°W, elevation 1,800 m) near Roman Nose Lake, ID, where whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) are aecial hosts, and Pedicularis, Castilleja, and Ribes spp. are common herbs/shrubs (2). During August 2006, teliospore columns typical of C. ribicola or the morphologically indistinguishable (2) C. coleosporioides J.C. Arthur were found on two Pedicularis bracteosa Benth. plants at this site, within 3 m of a large, sporulating canker on whitebark pine. ITS/5.8S rDNA regions were sequenced using detached teliospore column samples from the two plants, ITS1F and ITS4 primers (3), and standard PCR protocols (2). One sample sequence was identified as C. ribicola and the other as C. coleosporioides (GenBank Accession Nos. EF185857 and EF185858, respectively), by exact matches in comparisons with published sequences (2). Artificial inoculation confirmed P. bracteosa's ability to host C. ribicola. Sections of leaves collected near Freezeout Saddle, ID (47.00885°N, 116.00846°W, elev. 1,600 m) were rinsed in water, placed abaxial side up on moistened filter paper in 150-mm petri plates, inoculated with seven diverse sources of urediniospores/aeciospores, misted with distilled water, and incubated at 18°C with 12 h of light. A single leaf section produced urediniospores 17 days and teliospores 26 days after inoculation with one of two Roman Nose aeciospore sources. Urediniospores from this leaf section caused infections on Ribes nigrum L., and teliospore columns yielded a DNA sequence that matched C. ribicola. Though P. bracteosa is confirmed as yet another natural host of C. ribicola in North America, it may be producing less C. ribicola inoculum for pine infection than do the P. racemosa and Ribes spp. telial hosts at the collection site. Uredinia and telia of C. ribicola on P. bracteosa were much less frequent and smaller than those on P. racemosa and Ribes spp. and those of C. coleosporioides on this same host (2). Pedicularis (but not Castilleja) spp. are significant telial hosts of C. ribicola strains at some high elevation sites in eastern Asia (1). Discovery of multiple North American telial hosts in the Orobanchaceae suggests unrecognized complexity in C. ribicola's ability to exploit ecological niches in recently established pathosystems of North America (2). References: (1) G. I. McDonald et al. Pages 41-57 in: Forest Pathology: From Genes to Landscapes. J. Lundquist and R. Hamelin, eds. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 2005. (2) G. I. McDonald et al. For. Pathol. 36:73, 2006. (3) T. J. White et al. Pages 315-322 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al. eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rust-like teliospore columns were found on two Pedicularis bracteosa plants near Roman Nose Lake.
- Taxon
- Pedicularis bracteosa Benth.
_(7967566620).jpg?width=60)
Pedicularis bracteosae0 - Interactor
- C. ribicola
Cronartium ribicolae0pathogen - Second interactor
- C. coleosporioidesCronartium coleosporioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- teliospore columnse0
- Value
- twoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(7967566620).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“During August 2006, teliospore columns typical of C. ribicola or the morphologically indistinguishable (2) C. coleosporioides J.C. Arthur were found on two Pedicularis bracteosa Benth. plants at this site, within 3 m of a large, sporulating canker on whitebark pine.”
Claim · model-written summary
One sampled sequence matched C. ribicola exactly.
- Taxon
- C. ribicolaCronartium ribicolae0
- Outcome
- exact matchese0
- Qualifier
- EF185857e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One sample sequence was identified as C. ribicola and the other as C. coleosporioides (GenBank Accession Nos. EF185857 and EF185858, respectively), by exact matches in comparisons with published sequences (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
The other sampled sequence matched C. coleosporioides exactly.
- Taxon
- C. coleosporioidesCronartium coleosporioidese0
- Outcome
- exact matchese0
- Qualifier
- EF185858e0
Verbatim
e0“One sample sequence was identified as C. ribicola and the other as C. coleosporioides (GenBank Accession Nos. EF185857 and EF185858, respectively), by exact matches in comparisons with published sequences (2).”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial inoculation confirmed P. bracteosa as a host of C. ribicola.
- Taxon
- P. bracteosaPedicularis bracteosae0
- Treatment
- Artificial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- C. ribicolaCronartium ribicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- ability to host C. ribicolae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Artificial inoculation confirmed P. bracteosa's ability to host C. ribicola.”
Claim · model-written summary
An inoculated leaf section produced urediniospores after 17 days.
- Taxon
- Pedicularis bracteosaPedicularis bracteosat0
- Outcome
- produced urediniosporese0
- Value
- 17 dayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single leaf section produced urediniospores 17 days and teliospores 26 days after inoculation with one of two Roman Nose aeciospore sources.”
t0“Pedicularis bracteosa”
Claim · model-written summary
An inoculated leaf section produced teliospores after 26 days.
- Taxon
- Pedicularis bracteosaPedicularis bracteosat0
- Outcome
- teliosporese0
- Value
- 26 dayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single leaf section produced urediniospores 17 days and teliospores 26 days after inoculation with one of two Roman Nose aeciospore sources.”
t0“Pedicularis bracteosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Urediniospores from the leaf section infected Ribes nigrum.
- Taxon
- Ribes nigrum L.
Ribes nigrume0 - Treatment
- Urediniospores from this leaf sectione0
- Interactor
- C. ribicolaCronartium ribicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- infectionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urediniospores from this leaf section caused infections on Ribes nigrum L., and teliospore columns yielded a DNA sequence that matched C. ribicola.”
Claim · model-written summary
Teliospore columns yielded a sequence matching C. ribicola.
- Taxon
- C. ribicolaCronartium ribicolae0
- Outcome
- DNA sequence that matched C. ribicolae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“teliospore columns yielded a DNA sequence that matched C. ribicola.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. bracteosa may produce less C. ribicola inoculum for pine infection than P. racemosa and Ribes hosts.
- Taxon
- P. bracteosaPedicularis bracteosae0
- Interactor
- C. ribicolaCronartium ribicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- C. ribicola inoculume0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- may bee0
- Comparator
- P. racemosa and Ribes spp.e0
- Setting
- North Americae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Though P. bracteosa is confirmed as yet another natural host of C. ribicola in North America, it may be producing less C. ribicola inoculum for pine infection than do the P. racemosa and Ribes spp. telial hosts at the collection site.”
Claim · model-written summary
C. ribicola uredinia and telia on P. bracteosa were less frequent and smaller than those on other hosts and those of C. coleosporioides on the same host.
- Taxon
- C. ribicolaCronartium ribicolae0
- Interactor
- P. bracteosaPedicularis bracteosae0host
- Outcome
- Uredinia and teliae0
- Direction
- much less frequent and smallere0
- Qualifier
- those of C. coleosporioides on this same hoste0
- Comparator
- P. racemosa and Ribes spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uredinia and telia of C. ribicola on P. bracteosa were much less frequent and smaller than those on P. racemosa and Ribes spp. and those of C. coleosporioides on this same host (2).”