Abstract
Banana Xanthomonas wilt (XW), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm), results in up to 100% yield loss. The efficiency of XW infection through the corm, pseudostem inoculation at bunch harvest, leaf, female and male bud bracts was evaluated in banana plants. The male and female bud bract inoculations caused the highest incidence (81% and 93%) compared with 0–44% for harvest and corm inoculations. Naturally mediated insect transmission in ‘Pisang Awak’ resulted in up to 99% disease incidence. Floral inoculations and natural insect-mediated infections only resulted in floral symptoms. Symptom development in insect-transmitted infections simulated artificial male bud inoculations, confirming the male bud bract wounds as the main entry points for insect vector-mediated infections, thus reaffirming the importance of continuous and timely debudding to limit insect spread. Leaf and harvest inoculations resulted only in leaf symptoms, while corm inoculations resulted in late floral symptoms. Floral inoculations were the main mode of infection. Single leaf inoculations resulted in 30% plant mortality despite 100% incidence, with 70% of plants recovering and bearing visibly healthy bunches and suckers. Thus, detection of a diseased plant in a mat shouldn’t warrant the destruction of the whole mat. A significant difference in Xcm cfu g−1 was observed between symptomatic and symptomless leaves, suggesting that practices that keep the bacterial load below the disease-causing threshold could benefit the plant. This could explain the observed success of XW control through removal of single diseased stems in farms.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Male bud bract inoculation caused 81% disease incidence.
Verbatim
e0“Banana Xanthomonas wilt (XW), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm)”
e1“The male and female bud bract inoculations caused the highest incidence (81% and 93%) compared with 0–44% for harvest and corm inoculations”
Claim · model-written summary
Female bud bract inoculation caused 93% disease incidence.
Verbatim
e0“Banana Xanthomonas wilt (XW), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm)”
e1“The male and female bud bract inoculations caused the highest incidence (81% and 93%) compared with 0–44% for harvest and corm inoculations”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest and corm inoculations caused 0–44% incidence.
- Taxon
- Bananae0
- Treatment
- harvest and corm inoculationse1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearumXanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidencee1
- Value
- 0–44%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Banana Xanthomonas wilt (XW), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm)”
e1“The male and female bud bract inoculations caused the highest incidence (81% and 93%) compared with 0–44% for harvest and corm inoculations”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural insect transmission in Pisang Awak caused up to 99% disease incidence.
- Taxon
- Bananae0
- Material
- Pisang Awake1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearumXanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee1
- Value
- up to 99%e1
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Banana Xanthomonas wilt (XW), caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm)”
e1“Naturally mediated insect transmission in ‘Pisang Awak’ resulted in up to 99% disease incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
Floral inoculation and natural insect infection produced only floral symptoms.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- Floral inoculations and natural insect-mediated infectionse0
- Outcome
- floral symptomse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“banana”
e0“Floral inoculations and natural insect-mediated infections only resulted in floral symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and harvest inoculations produced only leaf symptoms.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“banana”
e0“Leaf and harvest inoculations resulted only in leaf symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Corm inoculation produced late floral symptoms.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“banana”
e0“corm inoculations resulted in late floral symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Floral inoculations were the main infection route.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“banana”
e0“Floral inoculations were the main mode of infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Single leaf inoculation caused 30% plant mortality despite 100% incidence.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- Single leaf inoculationse0
- Outcome
- plant mortalitye0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- despite 100% incidencee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“banana”
e0“Single leaf inoculations resulted in 30% plant mortality despite 100% incidence”
Claim · model-written summary
After single leaf inoculation, 70% of plants recovered and bore healthy bunches and suckers.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“banana”
e0“with 70% of plants recovering and bearing visibly healthy bunches and suckers”
Claim · model-written summary
Xcm counts differed significantly between symptomatic and symptomless leaves.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- Xcm cfu g−1e0
- Comparator
- symptomatic and symptomless leavese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“banana”
e0“A significant difference in Xcm cfu g−1 was observed between symptomatic and symptomless leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend timely continuous debudding to limit insect spread.
Verbatim
t0“banana”
e0“reaffirming the importance of continuous and timely debudding to limit insect spread”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against destroying a whole mat after detecting one diseased plant.
Verbatim
t0“banana”
e0“detection of a diseased plant in a mat shouldn’t warrant the destruction of the whole mat”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of single diseased stems controlled XW on farms.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“banana”
e0“observed success of XW control through removal of single diseased stems in farms”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · pest · MusaPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 9 papers →inoculation · Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum · MusaResults agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.