Abstract
Abstract The great achievement of the development of intensive in agriculture in China can be partly attributed to substantial increases in mineral‐nutrient application. However, whereas farmers tend to apply high levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application of potassium (K) has been neglected. A greater understanding of the relationship between maize ( Zea mays L.) grain yield and K‐application rate is thus required to provide an improved rationale for K fertilization for farmers in the various agro‐ecological regions of China. In this study, a total of 2765 farmers' survey data and 3124 on‐farm experiments across major maize agro‐ecological regions in China were collected and evaluated for farmers' K‐management status and to determine grain‐yield response to K application. Nationally, the average K‐application rate on farms was 26 kg K ha –1 and varied from 0 to 158 kg K ha –1 , with a coefficient of variation of 107%, but the applied K‐fertilizer rates were not related to grain yield. Maize grain yields at recommended K rates increased by 14.0%, 14.7%, 19.4%, and 4.3% in Northeast China, North China Plain, Southwest China, and Northwest China, respectively, compared to zero K fertilization (K 0 ). Increased yield due to K fertilization (IY max , difference between maximum yield across all treatments and K 0 ‐treatment yield for each experiment) averaged 1.4 t ha –1 but varied widely in different agro‐ecological regions. Soil extractable K (NH 4 OAc‐K) and intercounty variation resulted in large variation in IY max in agro‐ecological regions, as did other factors, such as use of particular maize hybrids, soil types, or years in different regions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Average on-farm potassium application was 26 kg K ha –1, ranging from 0 to 158 kg K ha –1.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nationally, the average K‐application rate on farms was 26 kg K ha –1 and varied from 0 to 158 kg K ha –1”
t0“Chinese maize”
Claim · model-written summary
On-farm potassium fertilizer rates were unrelated to maize grain yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the applied K‐fertilizer rates were not related to grain yield”
t0“Chinese maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended potassium rates raised maize grain yield by 14.0% in Northeast China compared with zero potassium.
- Treatment
- recommended K ratese0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.0%e0
- Comparator
- zero K fertilizatione0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain yields at recommended K rates increased by 14.0%, 14.7%, 19.4%, and 4.3% in Northeast China, North China Plain, Southwest China, and Northwest China, respectively, compared to zero K fertilization (K 0 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended potassium rates raised maize grain yield by 14.7% in North China Plain compared with zero potassium.
- Treatment
- recommended K ratese0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.7%e0
- Comparator
- zero K fertilizatione0
- Setting
- North China Plaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain yields at recommended K rates increased by 14.0%, 14.7%, 19.4%, and 4.3% in Northeast China, North China Plain, Southwest China, and Northwest China, respectively, compared to zero K fertilization (K 0 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended potassium rates raised maize grain yield by 19.4% in Southwest China compared with zero potassium.
- Treatment
- recommended K ratese0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.4%e0
- Comparator
- zero K fertilizatione0
- Setting
- Southwest Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain yields at recommended K rates increased by 14.0%, 14.7%, 19.4%, and 4.3% in Northeast China, North China Plain, Southwest China, and Northwest China, respectively, compared to zero K fertilization (K 0 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Recommended potassium rates raised maize grain yield by 4.3% in Northwest China compared with zero potassium.
- Treatment
- recommended K ratese0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4.3%e0
- Comparator
- zero K fertilizatione0
- Setting
- Northwest Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize grain yields at recommended K rates increased by 14.0%, 14.7%, 19.4%, and 4.3% in Northeast China, North China Plain, Southwest China, and Northwest China, respectively, compared to zero K fertilization (K 0 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum potassium-induced maize yield increase averaged 1.4 t ha –1 and varied by region.
- Outcome
- Increased yield due to K fertilizatione0
- Value
- 1.4 t ha –1e0
- Setting
- different agro‐ecological regionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased yield due to K fertilization (IY max , difference between maximum yield across all treatments and K 0 ‐treatment yield for each experiment) averaged 1.4 t ha –1 but varied widely in different agro‐ecological regions”
t0“Chinese maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil extractable potassium and intercounty differences contributed to regional variation in maximum yield increase.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil extractable K (NH 4 OAc‐K) and intercounty variation resulted in large variation in IY max in agro‐ecological regions”
t0“Chinese maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize hybrids, soil types, and years also contributed to regional variation in maximum yield increase.
Not reportedOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as did other factors, such as use of particular maize hybrids, soil types, or years in different regions”
The same questions in other papers
potassium · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
290 papers in the same direction as this paper · 28 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 320 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.