Abstract
Abstract Growing barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in the year of forage establishment is a common agronomic practice in marginal growing regions, but is often not recommended to growers. We examined the effect of silage barley production over an establishing timothy ( Phleum pratense L.)‐clover ( Trifolium pratense L.; Trifolium hybridum L.) forage sward in a 4‐year study near St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. The experiment compared two barley varieties differing in plant height (semidwarf Chapais and Leger), three barley seeding rates and the effect of a forage understorey on forage (barley) production in the establishment year and forage (timothy‐clover) production in the subsequent year. The taller Leger yielded similar forage biomass to Chapais in the year of forage establishment, which (when planted at 375 plants m −2 ) was roughly twice that of a pure‐stand timothy‐clover mix. Increasing the barley seeding rate from 125 to 375 plants m −2 resulted in a linear increase in forage yield in the year of planting. The production of barley forage in the establishment year resulted in reduced timothy‐clover forage yield in the year following barley planted at 125 and 375 seeds m −2 , but not for barley planted at 250 seeds m −2 . Companion planting also altered forage species composition in that higher barley seeding rates resulted in 12–18 % less timothy and 2–4 % lower fibre levels in the year following planting. Barley seeded at rates of 250–375 seeds m −2 and undersown with a timothy‐clover mixture (harvested at mid‐milk) resulted in greater forage yield of poorer quality than pure‐stand timothy‐clover in the planting year, and a barley seeding rate of 250 seeds m −2 did not impede forage production in the subsequent year.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Leger and Chapais produced similar barley forage biomass in the establishment year.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- Legere0
- Outcome
- forage biomasse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- Chapaise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The taller Leger yielded similar forage biomass to Chapais in the year of forage establishment”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley at 375 plants per square metre produced roughly twice the biomass of pure timothy-clover in the establishment year.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L.Hordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- planted at 375 plants m −2e0
- Outcome
- forage biomasse0
- Direction
- twicee0
- Value
- roughly twicee0
- Comparator
- pure‐stand timothy‐clover mixe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The taller Leger yielded similar forage biomass to Chapais in the year of forage establishment, which (when planted at 375 plants m −2 ) was roughly twice that of a pure‐stand timothy‐clover mix.”
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing barley seeding from 125 to 375 plants per square metre linearly increased planting year forage yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Increasing the barley seeding rate from 125 to 375 plants m −2e0
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- in the year of plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the barley seeding rate from 125 to 375 plants m −2 resulted in a linear increase in forage yield in the year of planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley at 125 seeds per square metre reduced timothy-clover yield the following year.
- Taxon
- timothy‐clovere0
- Treatment
- barley planted at 125e0
- Interactor
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0other
- Outcome
- timothy‐clover forage yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of barley forage in the establishment year resulted in reduced timothy‐clover forage yield in the year following barley planted at 125 and 375 seeds m −2 , but not for barley planted at 250 seeds m −2 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley at 375 seeds per square metre reduced timothy-clover yield the following year.
- Taxon
- timothy‐clovere0
- Treatment
- 375 seeds m −2e0
- Interactor
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0other
- Outcome
- timothy‐clover forage yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of barley forage in the establishment year resulted in reduced timothy‐clover forage yield in the year following barley planted at 125 and 375 seeds m −2 , but not for barley planted at 250 seeds m −2 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley at 250 seeds per square metre did not impede subsequent year timothy-clover forage production.
- Taxon
- timothy‐clovere0
- Treatment
- barley planted at 250 seeds m −2e0
- Interactor
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0other
- Outcome
- timothy‐clover forage yielde0
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The production of barley forage in the establishment year resulted in reduced timothy‐clover forage yield in the year following barley planted at 125 and 375 seeds m −2 , but not for barley planted at 250 seeds m −2 .”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher barley seeding rates resulted in 12–18% less timothy the following year.
- Taxon
- timothy
Phleum pratensee0 - Treatment
- higher barley seeding ratese0
- Interactor
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0other
- Outcome
- timothye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 12–18 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher barley seeding rates resulted in 12–18 % less timothy and 2–4 % lower fibre levels in the year following planting.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher barley seeding rates resulted in 2–4% lower fibre levels the following year.
- Taxon
- timothy‐clovere1
- Treatment
- higher barley seeding ratese0
- Interactor
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0other
- Outcome
- fibre levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2–4 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher barley seeding rates resulted in 12–18 % less timothy and 2–4 % lower fibre levels in the year following planting.”
e1“forage (timothy‐clover) production in the subsequent year”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley undersown with timothy-clover at 250–375 seeds per square metre yielded more forage than pure timothy-clover in the planting year.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- seeded at rates of 250–375 seeds m −2 and undersown with a timothy‐clover mixturee0
- Interactor
- timothy‐clovere0other
- Outcome
- forage yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- harvested at mid‐milke0
- Comparator
- pure‐stand timothy‐clovere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley seeded at rates of 250–375 seeds m −2 and undersown with a timothy‐clover mixture (harvested at mid‐milk) resulted in greater forage yield of poorer quality than pure‐stand timothy‐clover in the planting year”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley undersown with timothy-clover at 250–375 seeds per square metre produced poorer quality forage than pure timothy-clover in the planting year.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- seeded at rates of 250–375 seeds m −2 and undersown with a timothy‐clover mixturee0
- Interactor
- timothy‐clovere0other
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- poorere0
- Qualifier
- harvested at mid‐milke0
- Comparator
- pure‐stand timothy‐clovere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley seeded at rates of 250–375 seeds m −2 and undersown with a timothy‐clover mixture (harvested at mid‐milk) resulted in greater forage yield of poorer quality than pure‐stand timothy‐clover in the planting year”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
72 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
93 papers more in this group
See all 97 papers →density · organism · Phleum pratense (timothy)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.