Abstract
Effects of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors salicylic acid (SA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) on germination of Medicago sativa L. somatic embryos and their conversion to seedlings in relation to carbohydrate content and α-amylase activity were studied. Both SA, an inhibitor of ACC oxidase, and AVG, an inhibitor of ACC synthase, when present in the regeneration medium (0.1 and 1 μM) were found to drastically reduce the embryo germination rate. In addition, SA and AVG were found to almost completely or completely, respectively, arrest the process of embryo conversion to seedlings. The inhibitory effects of SA and AVG on germination and conversion may indicate that the processes required endogenous ethylene. AVG and SA clearly slowed down starch disappearance during the 48-h imbibition in the regeneration medium prior to radicle elongation, which was correlated with inhibition of the activity of α-amylase, an enzyme responsible for starch hydrolysis. It is probable that ethylene may activate α-amylase in the germinating alfalfa somatic embryos. In contrast, the disappearance of soluble sugars in the embryos in the presence of the inhibitors tested was accelerated. The disappearance of soluble sugars (to null or almost null) in embryos was faster in the presence of SA in the regeneration medium after 24 and 48 h compared to the disappearance rate with AVG present in the medium. Only glucose was present after a 48-h incubation in the regeneration medium in the presence of the two ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors, in contrast to the control embryos in which glucose was not detected.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid and AVG, present in the regeneration medium at 0.1 and 1 μM, drastically reduced the germination rate of Medicago sativa somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e0
- Outcome
- embryo germination ratee1
- Direction
- reducee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
e0“ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors salicylic acid (SA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)”
e1“when present in the regeneration medium (0.1 and 1 μM) were found to drastically reduce the embryo germination rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid and AVG almost completely or completely, respectively, arrested conversion of Medicago sativa somatic embryos to seedlings.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e0
- Outcome
- embryo conversion to seedlingse1
- Direction
- arreste1
- Value
- almost completely or completely, respectivelye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
e0“ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors salicylic acid (SA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)”
e1“SA and AVG were found to almost completely or completely, respectively, arrest the process of embryo conversion to seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG and SA slowed down starch disappearance in Medicago sativa somatic embryos during the 48-h imbibition in the regeneration medium before radicle elongation.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- AVG and SAe1
- Outcome
- starch disappearancee1
- Direction
- slowed downe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
e1“AVG and SA clearly slowed down starch disappearance during the 48-h imbibition in the regeneration medium prior to radicle elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
The slowed starch disappearance was correlated with inhibition of the activity of alpha-amylase, the enzyme responsible for starch hydrolysis, in alfalfa somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Gene
- α-amylasee2
- Outcome
- starch disappearancee1
- Direction
- slowed downe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
e1“AVG and SA clearly slowed down starch disappearance”
e2“which was correlated with inhibition of the activity of α-amylase”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene is probably activating alpha-amylase in the germinating alfalfa somatic embryos.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Gene
- α-amylasee1
- Compound
- ethylenee1
- Outcome
- activate α-amylasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“It is probable that ethylene may activate α-amylase in the germinating alfalfa somatic embryos”
Claim · model-written summary
Disappearance of soluble sugars in Medicago sativa somatic embryos was accelerated in the presence of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors tested.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- the inhibitors testede1
- Outcome
- disappearance of soluble sugarse1
- Direction
- acceleratede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
e1“the disappearance of soluble sugars in the embryos in the presence of the inhibitors tested was accelerated”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble sugars disappeared faster (to null or almost null) in embryos with SA than with AVG in the regeneration medium after 24 and 48 h.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- SAe1
- Outcome
- disappearance of soluble sugarse1
- Direction
- fastere1
- Qualifier
- after 24 and 48 he1
- Comparator
- AVGe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
e1“The disappearance of soluble sugars (to null or almost null) in embryos was faster in the presence of SA in the regeneration medium after 24 and 48 h compared to the disappearance rate with AVG present in the medium”
Claim · model-written summary
After 48 h of incubation with the two ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors only glucose was present in the embryos, whereas glucose was not detected in control embryos.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- the two ethylene biosynthesis inhibitorse1
- Outcome
- Only glucose was presente1
- Comparator
- control embryose1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
e1“Only glucose was present after a 48-h incubation in the regeneration medium in the presence of the two ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors, in contrast to the control embryos in which glucose was not detected”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that the inhibitory effects of SA and AVG on germination and conversion may indicate that these processes require endogenous ethylene.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa L.Medicago sativat0
- Treatment
- SA and AVGe1
- Compound
- endogenous ethylenee1
- Outcome
- germination and conversione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Medicago sativa L.”
e1“The inhibitory effects of SA and AVG on germination and conversion may indicate that the processes required endogenous ethylene”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · growth · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.