Abstract
Suitability of nine scab-resistant or partially scab-resistant apple cultivars: Bohemia, Rubinola, Topaz, Goldstar, Pinova, Redkroft, Free Redstar, Melfree and Gold Milenium for organic orchards was evaluated during the period 2002-2010. The trial consisted of two experimental plots. In the first plot, no plant protection chemicals were applied either to the trees or to the soil. In the second plot, with limited spraying programme, only those compounds that are allowed to be used in organic fruit production in Poland were applied in order to control pests and diseases: copper products, Carpovirusine Super SC and the garlic extract Liquid Bioczos. After planting, the ground in the tree rows was mulched with agricultural spun-web, linen residue felt or sawdust in a 1.2 meter wide strip. During the years of the experiment many trees were seriously infected with apple canker (Nectria sp.), which caused the loss of a certain number of them. Most susceptible were ‘Rubinola’, ‘Topaz’, ‘Redkroft’ and ‘Pinova’. The smallest necrotic lesions were observed on the trees of ‘Free Redstar’, ‘Melfree’ and ‘Gold Milenium’. The various materials for mulching did not significantly affect the size of the fruit yield. The highest yields were obtained from the ‘Gold Milenium’, ‘Free Redstar’, ‘Topaz’ and ‘Pinova’. In 2010, following a very rainy season, we observed for the first time scab potted fruits of the cultivars: Rubinola, Topaz, and Goldstar. The greatest problem was the control of aphids and apple mildew. Cutting back shoots with primary infestation was the most promising method. The ‘Topaz’, ‘Rubinola’, ‘Bohemia’ and ‘Gold Milenium’ appeared to be the most suitable for organic fruit production. In the year 2010, heavy thinning of fruitlets helped to obtain large fruits (diameter over 7.0 cm) of the cultivars: Bohemia, Topaz and Redkroft.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Apple canker caused loss of some trees.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Interactor
- Nectria sp.e0pathogen
- Outcome
- loss of a certain number of theme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“many trees were seriously infected with apple canker (Nectria sp.), which caused the loss of a certain number of them”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Rubinola, Topaz, Redkroft and Pinova were most susceptible to canker.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Rubinola’, ‘Topaz’, ‘Redkroft’ and ‘Pinova’e0
- Interactor
- Nectria sp.e1pathogen
- Outcome
- Most susceptiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most susceptible were ‘Rubinola’, ‘Topaz’, ‘Redkroft’ and ‘Pinova’”
e1“apple canker (Nectria sp.)”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Free Redstar, Melfree and Gold Milenium had the smallest necrotic lesions.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Free Redstar’, ‘Melfree’ and ‘Gold Milenium’e0
- Outcome
- necrotic lesionse0
- Direction
- smalleste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The smallest necrotic lesions were observed on the trees of ‘Free Redstar’, ‘Melfree’ and ‘Gold Milenium’”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch materials did not significantly affect fruit yield.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- various materials for mulchinge0
- Outcome
- size of the fruit yielde0
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The various materials for mulching did not significantly affect the size of the fruit yield”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Gold Milenium, Free Redstar, Topaz and Pinova gave the highest yields.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Gold Milenium’, ‘Free Redstar’, ‘Topaz’ and ‘Pinova’e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yields were obtained from the ‘Gold Milenium’, ‘Free Redstar’, ‘Topaz’ and ‘Pinova’”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Scab appeared in 2010 on Rubinola, Topaz and Goldstar fruit.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Rubinola, Topaz, and Goldstare0
- Outcome
- scab potted fruitse0
- Qualifier
- In 2010, following a very rainy seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2010, following a very rainy season, we observed for the first time scab potted fruits of the cultivars: Rubinola, Topaz, and Goldstar”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphids and apple mildew presented the greatest control problems.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae0pest
- Outcome
- control of aphids and apple mildewe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest problem was the control of aphids and apple mildew”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting back shoots with primary infestation was the most promising control method.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Cutting back shoots with primary infestatione0
- Outcome
- most promising methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cutting back shoots with primary infestation was the most promising method”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Topaz, Rubinola, Bohemia and Gold Milenium appeared most suitable for organic production.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Topaz’, ‘Rubinola’, ‘Bohemia’ and ‘Gold Milenium’e0
- Outcome
- most suitable for organic fruit productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ‘Topaz’, ‘Rubinola’, ‘Bohemia’ and ‘Gold Milenium’ appeared to be the most suitable for organic fruit production”
t0“apple cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy fruitlet thinning helped produce large fruit over 7.0 cm in three cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Bohemia, Topaz and Redkrofte0
- Treatment
- heavy thinning of fruitletse0
- Outcome
- large fruitse0
- Direction
- largee0
- Value
- diameter over 7.0 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heavy thinning of fruitlets helped to obtain large fruits (diameter over 7.0 cm) of the cultivars: Bohemia, Topaz and Redkroft”
t0“apple cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 41 in the opposite direction
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