Abstract
A two-year field experiment (2001 and 2003) was carried out in a Mediterranean environment to study the effects of municipal solid waste (MSW) compost application compared with mineral nitrogen (N) fertilization on the agronomic performance and N utilization of a tomato crop, in rotation with durum wheat. The research was conducted in the south of Italy where five N treatments and two soil tillage depths (40-45 cm and 10-15 cm) were compared. The N treatments were: MSW compost at 140 kg ha−1 (Ncom); mineral N fertilizer at 140 kg ha−1 (Nmin); MSW compost combined with mineral N fertilizer (Nmix) (70 kg ha−1 as organic N plus 70 kg ha−1 as mineral N); mineral N fertilizer at 70 kg ha−1 combined with two applications of foliar fertilizer (Nfito) (3 kg ha−1 as hydrolyzed proteins), and an untreated control (Contr). During cropping cycles, growth parameters and plant N status (SPAD readings and petiole nitrate content) were determined; at harvest the marketable, overripe, green fruit, total yield, yield components, quality performance, total and fruit N uptake, and N efficiency were recorded. In addition, at the beginning and at the end of the two-year experiment, soil chemical characteristics and mineral N was measured, allowing for the calculation of the mineral N deficit in the soil. The results of this research indicate that the application of MSW compost to tomato plants can serve as a N source in Mediterranean conditions, especially when MSW compost is combined with mineral N fertilizer and deeper soil tillage is applied. In fact, deeper soil tillage increased total yield 7.0 t ha−1 compared to surface tillage, whereas soil amended with MSW compost increased total yield compared to the untreated control by approximately 6.4% when used alone and 11.1% when combined with mineral N fertilizer. Nitrogen utilization parameters and Harvest Index varied significantly across years and N treatments. Petiole nitrate content and SPAD readings did not vary between Nmin and Nmix treatments, but they were significantly different from the untreated control. This indicates that plant N status was an effective tool to monitor N supply. After the two-year experiment, the Nmix treatment was statistically not significant in total yield (86.1 and 88.2 t ha−1, respectively), marketable yield (66.9 and 67.7 t ha−1) and quality compared to the Nmin treatment. Furthermore, the Nmix treatment ensured the least N deficit in the soil, indicating that MSW applications were effectively used as alternative organic supplements. Finally, the results indicated a positive effect of MSW application on organic carbon content in the soil and did not show any significant increase of the heavy metals at the end of the two-year experiment.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Deeper tillage increased total tomato yield by 7.0 t ha−1 over surface tillage.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- deeper soil tillagee0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.0 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- surface tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deeper soil tillage increased total yield 7.0 t ha−1 compared to surface tillage”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost alone increased total yield by approximately 6.4% versus untreated control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MSW composte0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.4%e0
- Qualifier
- when used alonee0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil amended with MSW compost increased total yield compared to the untreated control by approximately 6.4% when used alone and 11.1% when combined with mineral N fertilizer.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost combined with mineral fertilizer increased total yield by 11.1% versus untreated control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MSW composte0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.1%e0
- Qualifier
- when combined with mineral N fertilizere0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil amended with MSW compost increased total yield compared to the untreated control by approximately 6.4% when used alone and 11.1% when combined with mineral N fertilizer.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen utilization parameters varied significantly across years and nitrogen treatments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen utilization parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen utilization parameters and Harvest Index varied significantly across years and N treatments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest Index varied significantly across years and nitrogen treatments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Harvest Indexe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen utilization parameters and Harvest Index varied significantly across years and N treatments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole nitrate content did not vary between mineral nitrogen and mixed fertilizer treatments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Nmix treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Petiole nitrate contente0
- Direction
- did not varye0
- Comparator
- Nmine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petiole nitrate content and SPAD readings did not vary between Nmin and Nmix treatments, but they were significantly different from the untreated control.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SPAD readings did not vary between mineral nitrogen and mixed fertilizer treatments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Nmix treatmentse0
- Outcome
- SPAD readingse0
- Direction
- did not varye0
- Comparator
- Nmine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petiole nitrate content and SPAD readings did not vary between Nmin and Nmix treatments, but they were significantly different from the untreated control.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole nitrate content and SPAD readings differed significantly from untreated control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Nmix treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Petiole nitrate content and SPAD readingse0
- Direction
- differente0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petiole nitrate content and SPAD readings did not vary between Nmin and Nmix treatments, but they were significantly different from the untreated control.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed fertilizer treatment had no significant total-yield difference from mineral fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Nmix treatmente0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- not significante0
- Value
- 86.1 and 88.2 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- Nmin treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the two-year experiment, the Nmix treatment was statistically not significant in total yield (86.1 and 88.2 t ha−1, respectively), marketable yield (66.9 and 67.7 t ha−1) and quality compared to the Nmin treatment.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed fertilizer treatment had no significant marketable-yield difference from mineral fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Nmix treatmente0
- Outcome
- marketable yielde0
- Direction
- not significante0
- Value
- 66.9 and 67.7 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- Nmin treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the two-year experiment, the Nmix treatment was statistically not significant in total yield (86.1 and 88.2 t ha−1, respectively), marketable yield (66.9 and 67.7 t ha−1) and quality compared to the Nmin treatment.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed fertilizer treatment had no significant quality difference from mineral fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Nmix treatmente0
- Outcome
- qualitye0
- Direction
- not significante0
- Comparator
- Nmin treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After the two-year experiment, the Nmix treatment was statistically not significant in total yield (86.1 and 88.2 t ha−1, respectively), marketable yield (66.9 and 67.7 t ha−1) and quality compared to the Nmin treatment.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixed treatment produced the least soil nitrogen deficit.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Nmix treatmente0
- Outcome
- N deficit in the soile0
- Direction
- leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Nmix treatment ensured the least N deficit in the soil”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost application increased soil organic carbon content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MSW applicatione0
- Outcome
- organic carbon content in the soile0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the results indicated a positive effect of MSW application on organic carbon content in the soil”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost application did not significantly increase soil heavy metals.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- MSW applicatione1
- Outcome
- heavy metalse0
- Direction
- did not show any significant increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not show any significant increase of the heavy metals at the end of the two-year experiment.”
t0“Tomato”
e1“the results indicated a positive effect of MSW application on organic carbon content in the soil”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
52 papers more in this group
See all 56 papers →fertilization · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
849 papers in the same direction as this paper · 104 in the opposite direction · 24 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
974 papers more in this group
See all 978 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.