Abstract
1. Solutions of glucokinin and insulin, particularly those from which the easily dialyzable substances had been removed, increased the growth of roots and tops of young maize seedlings, as shown by comparisons with untreated seedlings grown in distilled water. 2. Strong solutions of crude glucokinin or of crude insulin repressed growth. 3. Seedlings from which the tips of the primary roots had been removed just before placing the plants in the test solutions made greater gains in both top growth and root growth than seedlings with uncut roots treated with solutions of the same strength. Control experiments showed that this difference in growth was not the result of cutting the roots, and that crude glucokinin and crude insulin contained several substances some of which were more readily absorbed by the plant than others. 4. Purification of crude glucokinin and crude insulin by dialysis showed that the residue of relatively non-dialyzable substance was the growth-promoting fraction. 5. The dialysate of crude glucokinin contained at least three types of material, one of which repressed growth. 6. Ammonium sulfate, one of the possible impurities of glucokinin, repressed the growth of seedlings but did not produce the other changes in metabolism shown by seedlings treated with dialysate of onion glucokinin. 7. The endosperm of plants treated with growth-promoting solutions of purified insulin did not lose weight as rapidly as the endosperms of untreated plants, indicating that the treated plants made their greater gains in growth by more efficient utilization of the endosperm, or as a result of greater photosynthetic activity, or by a combination of these. 8. Experiments with albino seedlings suggested that the greater gain in weight made by plants treated with insulin was the result in part of increased photosynthetic activity.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Glucokinin solutions, especially after removal of readily dialyzable substances, increased root and top growth against untreated seedlings.
- Treatment
- glucokinine0
- Outcome
- growth of roots and topse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated seedlings grown in distilled watere0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solutions of glucokinin and insulin, particularly those from which the easily dialyzable substances had been removed, increased the growth of roots and tops of young maize seedlings, as shown by comparisons with untreated seedlings grown in distilled water”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Insulin solutions, especially after removal of readily dialyzable substances, increased root and top growth against untreated seedlings.
- Treatment
- insuline0
- Outcome
- growth of roots and topse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated seedlings grown in distilled watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solutions of glucokinin and insulin, particularly those from which the easily dialyzable substances had been removed, increased the growth of roots and tops of young maize seedlings, as shown by comparisons with untreated seedlings grown in distilled water”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong crude glucokinin solutions repressed growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strong solutions of crude glucokinin or of crude insulin repressed growth”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Strong crude insulin solutions repressed growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strong solutions of crude glucokinin or of crude insulin repressed growth”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings with primary root tips removed gained more top and root growth than intact seedlings in equally strong solutions.
- Treatment
- tips of the primary roots had been removede0
- Outcome
- top growth and root growthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- seedlings with uncut rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedlings from which the tips of the primary roots had been removed just before placing the plants in the test solutions made greater gains in both top growth and root growth than seedlings with uncut roots treated with solutions of the same strength”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Control experiments indicated that cutting roots alone did not account for the growth difference.
- Outcome
- difference in growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control experiments showed that this difference in growth was not the result of cutting the roots”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
The crude preparations contained substances differing in plant absorption.
- Outcome
- more readily absorbed by the plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crude glucokinin and crude insulin contained several substances some of which were more readily absorbed by the plant than others”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
The relatively nondialyzable glucokinin fraction promoted growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purification of crude glucokinin and crude insulin by dialysis showed that the residue of relatively non-dialyzable substance was the growth-promoting fraction”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
The relatively nondialyzable insulin fraction promoted growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Purification of crude glucokinin and crude insulin by dialysis showed that the residue of relatively non-dialyzable substance was the growth-promoting fraction”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucokinin dialysate contained at least three material types, one of which repressed growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dialysate of crude glucokinin contained at least three types of material, one of which repressed growth”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate repressed seedling growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate, one of the possible impurities of glucokinin, repressed the growth of seedlings”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate did not produce the other metabolic changes seen with onion glucokinin dialysate.
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfatee0
- Outcome
- changes in metabolisme0
- Direction
- did not producee0
- Comparator
- dialysate of onion glucokinine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate, one of the possible impurities of glucokinin, repressed the growth of seedlings but did not produce the other changes in metabolism shown by seedlings treated with dialysate of onion glucokinin”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Purified insulin slowed endosperm weight loss against untreated seedlings.
- Treatment
- purified insuline0
- Outcome
- endosperme0
- Direction
- did not lose weight as rapidlye0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The endosperm of plants treated with growth-promoting solutions of purified insulin did not lose weight as rapidly as the endosperms of untreated plants”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
Claim · model-written summary
Albino seedling experiments suggested increased photosynthetic activity contributed to the weight gain with insulin.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Experiments with albino seedlings suggested that the greater gain in weight made by plants treated with insulin was the result in part of increased photosynthetic activity”
t0“MAIZE SEEDLINGS”
The same questions in other papers
ammonium sulfate · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
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ammonium sulfate · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 18 papers →insulin · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.