Abstract
Abstract Experiments were conducted at Tucson, Arizona, to study effects of treated municipal waste water on growth, fiber, protein, and amino acid content of grain from sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.). Sorghum grain was grown in two soil types: ( i ) Comoro sandy loam, and ( ii ) Grade silt loam. Three irrigation and fertilizer treatments were used: ( i ) well water plus suggested amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) (112, 35, and 1 kg/ha of N, P, and K, respectively); ( ii ) well water plus N, P, and K from commercial sources in amounts equal to those found in waste water (224, 73, and 140 kg/ha of N, P, and K, respectively); and (iii) waste water from an activated sludge sewage plant (224, 73, and 140 kg/ha of N, P, and K, respectively). When sorghum was grown for grain in Comoro sandy loam, average number of days from planting to maturity, leaf length, and grain yield were higher in plots that received waste water than in plots that received well water and suggested amounts of N, P, and K. Sorghum grown with waste water produced higher grain yields than when grown with synthetic waste water. The plant growth response of sorghum to waste water, when grown in Grabe silt loam, was similar to that observed when the crop was produced in Comoro sandy loam. Sorghum grain grown with all irrigation and fertilizer treatments contained similar amounts of total protein. In sandy loam soil, grain from sorghum grown with simulated waste water and waste water alone contained less cystine, glycine, and histidine than did grain produced with suggested culture. Grain grown with all treatments, in both soil types, contained similar amounts of leucine, methionine, threonine, and tyrosine. Municipal waste water may be an effective source of irrigation water and plant nutrients in the production of high yields of high quality sorghum grain for livestock feed in the irrigated areas of the southwestern U. S.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Waste water increased time from planting to maturity in Comoro sandy loam versus well water with suggested nutrients.
- Treatment
- waste watere0
- Outcome
- average number of days from planting to maturitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- well water and suggested amounts of N, P, and Ke0
- Setting
- Comoro sandy loame1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average number of days from planting to maturity, leaf length, and grain yield were higher in plots that received waste water than in plots that received well water and suggested amounts of N, P, and K”
t0“Sorghum”
e1“When sorghum was grown for grain in Comoro sandy loam”
Claim · model-written summary
Waste water increased leaf length in Comoro sandy loam.
- Treatment
- waste watere0
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- well water and suggested amounts of N, P, and Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average number of days from planting to maturity, leaf length, and grain yield were higher in plots that received waste water than in plots that received well water and suggested amounts of N, P, and K”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Waste water increased grain yield in Comoro sandy loam.
- Treatment
- waste watere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- well water and suggested amounts of N, P, and Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average number of days from planting to maturity, leaf length, and grain yield were higher in plots that received waste water than in plots that received well water and suggested amounts of N, P, and K”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Waste water produced higher grain yields than synthetic waste water.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum grown with waste water produced higher grain yields than when grown with synthetic waste water”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum had a similar growth response to waste water in Grabe silt loam and Comoro sandy loam.
- Treatment
- waste watere0
- Outcome
- plant growth responsee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- Comoro sandy loame0
- Setting
- Grabe silt loame0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant growth response of sorghum to waste water, when grown in Grabe silt loam, was similar to that observed when the crop was produced in Comoro sandy loam”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain total protein was similar across irrigation and fertilizer treatments.
- Treatment
- all irrigation and fertilizer treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total proteine0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- all irrigation and fertilizer treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum grain grown with all irrigation and fertilizer treatments contained similar amounts of total protein”
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated waste water reduced grain cystine, glycine and histidine versus suggested culture in sandy loam.
- Treatment
- simulated waste watere0
- Outcome
- cystine, glycine, and histidinee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- suggested culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain from sorghum grown with simulated waste water and waste water alone contained less cystine, glycine, and histidine than did grain produced with suggested culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Waste water alone reduced grain cystine, glycine and histidine versus suggested culture in sandy loam.
- Treatment
- waste water alonee0
- Outcome
- cystine, glycine, and histidinee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- suggested culturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain from sorghum grown with simulated waste water and waste water alone contained less cystine, glycine, and histidine than did grain produced with suggested culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain leucine, methionine and threonine levels were similar among treatments in both soils.
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leucine, methionine, threoninee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- both soil typese0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain grown with all treatments, in both soil types, contained similar amounts of leucine, methionine, threonine, and tyrosine”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain tyrosine was similar among treatments in both soils.
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- tyrosinee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- both soil typese0
- Comparator
- all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain grown with all treatments, in both soil types, contained similar amounts of leucine, methionine, threonine, and tyrosine”
t0“Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose municipal waste water for sorghum irrigation and nutrients in southwestern US production.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Municipal waste water may be an effective source of irrigation water and plant nutrients in the production of high yields of high quality sorghum grain for livestock feed in the irrigated areas of the southwestern U. S.”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · quality: protein · SorghumPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →fertilization · quality: protein · SorghumPositive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.