Abstract
Abstract Data on effects of plant and row spacing on yield of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have given conflicting results. Most such experiments were conducted under conditions of little or no water stress. The experiments reported here, conducted under more severe stress conditions, broaden the water‐availability spectrum covered. Each spring, 1976 through 1979, soybeans were seeded on Temvik silt loam (fine‐silty, mixed Typic Haploborolls) at Mandan, N.D., in row widths of 15, 45, and 90 cm, and at within‐row spacings of 11, 15, and 23 cm, which resulted in plant populations of 48,000 to 580,000 plants/ha. Soil water depletion by soybeans was generally confined to the upper 90‐cm soil depth. Average (4‐year) water use was 23.6 cm, and was not significantly affected by plant spacing. In 2 of the 4 years, total water use was greatest and average soybean yields were least Prom the 15‐cm row width. Within‐row spacing affected yields in only 1 of the 4 years. Water‐use efficiency was least for 15‐cm rows in 3 of the 4 years. These data suggest that planting in 15‐cm rows enhances water use prior to flowering. In extreme drought situations, this enhanced earlyseason water use leaves less water available for pod‐fill, and seed yields may be reduced accordingly. Under less severe water stress, however, plant and row spacing has no affect on soybean yield.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean soil water depletion was generally restricted to the top 90 cm.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- Soil water depletione0
- Value
- upper 90‐cm soil depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil water depletion by soybeans was generally confined to the upper 90‐cm soil depth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Average four-year water use was 23.6 cm and did not differ significantly by plant spacing.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- plant spacinge0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
- Value
- 23.6 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average (4‐year) water use was 23.6 cm, and was not significantly affected by plant spacing.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Total water use was greatest with 15-cm rows in two of four years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 15‐cm row widthe0
- Outcome
- total water usee0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- 2 of the 4 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2 of the 4 years, total water use was greatest and average soybean yields were least Prom the 15‐cm row width.”
Claim · model-written summary
Average soybean yield was lowest with 15-cm rows in two of four years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 15‐cm row widthe0
- Outcome
- average soybean yieldse0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Qualifier
- 2 of the 4 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2 of the 4 years, total water use was greatest and average soybean yields were least Prom the 15‐cm row width.”
Claim · model-written summary
Within-row spacing affected yield in one of four years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Within‐row spacinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Qualifier
- 1 of the 4 yearse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Within‐row spacing affected yields in only 1 of the 4 years.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-use efficiency was lowest with 15-cm rows in three of four years.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 15‐cm rowse0
- Outcome
- Water‐use efficiencye0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Qualifier
- 3 of the 4 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water‐use efficiency was least for 15‐cm rows in 3 of the 4 years.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The data suggest 15-cm rows enhance water use before flowering.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Treatment
- planting in 15‐cm rowse0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These data suggest that planting in 15‐cm rows enhances water use prior to flowering.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In extreme drought, enhanced early water use may reduce soybean seed yield by leaving less water during pod-fill.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- less water available for pod‐fille0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In extreme drought situations, this enhanced earlyseason water use leaves less water available for pod‐fill, and seed yields may be reduced accordingly.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under less severe water stress, plant and row spacing had no effect on soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- plant and row spacinge0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- no affecte0
- Qualifier
- less severe water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under less severe water stress, however, plant and row spacing has no affect on soybean yield.”
The same questions in other papers
density · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
97 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
301 papers more in this group
See all 305 papers →density · physiology: water · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.