Abstract
The effects of herbicides on the growth of soi-lborne plant pathogens and on the occurrence of damping-off of cucumber seedlings inoculated with the causal fungi were studied.Among ten sorts of herbicides used, dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, linuron, and chloropropham inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum on culture medium, while 2, 4-D, MCPA, prometryne, and simazine seemed to promote the development of aerial hyphae of R. solani or P. aphanidermatum.The effect of antifungal herbicides among above-described on the occurrence of pre- or post-emergence damping-off in cucumber was examined. Pythium+dinoseb, Pythium+linuron, and Fusarium+dinoseb combinations resulted in the increase in healthy seedlings compared with Pythium or Fusarium alone. This is probably due to the antifungal effect of herbicides. Rhizoctonia+dinoseb, Rhizoctonia+linuron, Pythium+pentachlorophenol, and Rhizoctonia+pentachlorophenol combinations, however, resulted in an appreciable reduction in cucumber stand due to damping-off compared with Rhizoctonia or Pythium alone. At present, it is not clear whether the herbicides acted on the pathogens or on the host.It is possible that the herbicides affected the physiology of host plant, so that the susceptibility of emerging seedlings to the pathogens increased. The results may suggest the importance of secondary effects of herbicide.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, linuron and chloropropham inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum on culture medium.
- Taxon
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0 - Treatment
- dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, linuron, and chloroprophame0
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- culture mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, linuron, and chloropropham inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum on culture medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, linuron and chloropropham inhibited mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani on culture medium.
- Taxon
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0 - Treatment
- dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, linuron, and chloroprophame0
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- culture mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, linuron, and chloropropham inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum on culture medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, linuron and chloropropham inhibited mycelial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum on culture medium.
- Taxon
- Pythium aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatume0
- Treatment
- dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, linuron, and chloroprophame0
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Setting
- culture mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“dinoseb, pentachlorophenol, linuron, and chloropropham inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum on culture medium”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D, MCPA, prometryne and simazine seemed to promote aerial hyphae development of R. solani.
- Taxon
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-D, MCPA, prometryne, and simazinee0
- Outcome
- development of aerial hyphaee0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2, 4-D, MCPA, prometryne, and simazine seemed to promote the development of aerial hyphae of R. solani or P. aphanidermatum”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D, MCPA, prometryne and simazine seemed to promote aerial hyphae development of P. aphanidermatum.
- Taxon
- P. aphanidermatumPythium aphanidermatume0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-D, MCPA, prometryne, and simazinee0
- Outcome
- development of aerial hyphaee0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“2, 4-D, MCPA, prometryne, and simazine seemed to promote the development of aerial hyphae of R. solani or P. aphanidermatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium+dinoseb increased healthy cucumber seedlings compared with the pathogen alone.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse1 - Treatment
- Pythium+dinosebe0
- Outcome
- healthy seedlingse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- Pythium or Fusarium alonee0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Pythium+dinoseb, Pythium+linuron, and Fusarium+dinoseb combinations resulted in the increase in healthy seedlings compared with Pythium or Fusarium alone”
e1“damping-off of cucumber seedlings inoculated with the causal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium+linuron increased healthy cucumber seedlings compared with the pathogen alone.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Pythium+linurone0
- Outcome
- healthy seedlingse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- Pythium or Fusarium alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pythium+dinoseb, Pythium+linuron, and Fusarium+dinoseb combinations resulted in the increase in healthy seedlings compared with Pythium or Fusarium alone”
e1“damping-off of cucumber seedlings inoculated with the causal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium+dinoseb increased healthy cucumber seedlings compared with the pathogen alone.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- Fusarium+dinosebe0
- Outcome
- healthy seedlingse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- Pythium or Fusarium alonee0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pythium+dinoseb, Pythium+linuron, and Fusarium+dinoseb combinations resulted in the increase in healthy seedlings compared with Pythium or Fusarium alone”
e1“damping-off of cucumber seedlings inoculated with the causal fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia+dinoseb caused an appreciable reduction in cucumber stand due to damping-off compared with the pathogen alone.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Rhizoctonia+dinosebe0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae0pathogen - Outcome
- cucumber stand due to damping-offe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- Rhizoctonia or Pythium alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Rhizoctonia+dinoseb, Rhizoctonia+linuron, Pythium+pentachlorophenol, and Rhizoctonia+pentachlorophenol combinations, however, resulted in an appreciable reduction in cucumber stand due to damping-off compared with Rhizoctonia or Pythium alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia+linuron caused an appreciable reduction in cucumber stand due to damping-off compared with the pathogen alone.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Rhizoctonia+linurone0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae0pathogen
- Outcome
- cucumber stand due to damping-offe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- Rhizoctonia or Pythium alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizoctonia+dinoseb, Rhizoctonia+linuron, Pythium+pentachlorophenol, and Rhizoctonia+pentachlorophenol combinations, however, resulted in an appreciable reduction in cucumber stand due to damping-off compared with Rhizoctonia or Pythium alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium+pentachlorophenol caused an appreciable reduction in cucumber stand due to damping-off compared with the pathogen alone.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Pythium+pentachlorophenole0
- Outcome
- cucumber stand due to damping-offe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- Rhizoctonia or Pythium alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizoctonia+dinoseb, Rhizoctonia+linuron, Pythium+pentachlorophenol, and Rhizoctonia+pentachlorophenol combinations, however, resulted in an appreciable reduction in cucumber stand due to damping-off compared with Rhizoctonia or Pythium alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia+pentachlorophenol caused an appreciable reduction in cucumber stand due to damping-off compared with the pathogen alone.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Rhizoctonia+pentachlorophenole0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae0pathogen
- Outcome
- cucumber stand due to damping-offe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- Rhizoctonia or Pythium alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rhizoctonia+dinoseb, Rhizoctonia+linuron, Pythium+pentachlorophenol, and Rhizoctonia+pentachlorophenol combinations, however, resulted in an appreciable reduction in cucumber stand due to damping-off compared with Rhizoctonia or Pythium alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest the increase in healthy seedlings is probably due to the antifungal effect of herbicides.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Outcome
- increase in healthy seedlingse2
- Qualifier
- probablye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“damping-off of cucumber seedlings inoculated with the causal fungi”
e1“This is probably due to the antifungal effect of herbicides”
e2“increase in healthy seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest herbicides may have affected host physiology so that susceptibility of emerging seedlings to the pathogens increased.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- herbicidese1
- Outcome
- susceptibility of emerging seedlings to the pathogens increasede1
- Qualifier
- It is possiblee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“damping-off of cucumber seedlings inoculated with the causal fungi”
e1“It is possible that the herbicides affected the physiology of host plant, so that the susceptibility of emerging seedlings to the pathogens increased”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizoctonia · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Pythium · disease · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.