Abstract
Gibberellic acid was found to cause elongation in Avena sativa (oat) stem segments whether it was applied continuously or as a short pulse. The shorter the pulse time became, the higher was the gibberellic acid concentration needed to cause elongation; the segmental growth apparently depends upon the amount of gibberellic acid taken up by the segments. Avena segments showed a decreased growth response to gibberellic acid if the treatments were initiated at increasingly later times after excision from the plant. This decreased responsiveness to gibberellic acid was inhibited by low temperature (0-4 C), but accelerated by anaerobiosis. On the other hand, growth stimulation by a gibberellic acid pulse at the start of incubation was not altered by cold treatment but was nullified by a nitrogen atmosphere. Both the readiness of the segments for growth stimulation by gibberellic acid and its action in promoting growth clearly involve temperature-dependent, aerobic metabolism.Segments were able to use glucose, fructose, sucrose, and glycerol but not malate, citrate, pyruvate, glycine, or glutamine as substrate for growth. Since final elongation without exogenous substrate was highly correlated with initial content of total carbohydrate and reducing sugar, carbohydrates seem to be the major endogenous growth substrates.The Avena segments are composed of three distinct morphological units: node, internode, and encircling leaf sheath. Although the node and leaf sheath do not grow, they must be present for maximal growth of the internode. Quantitative assessment of the roles of each part suggests that a substance other than gibberellin or sugar is necessary for maximal internodal growth and that this substance may be channeled from the leaf sheath to the internode through the anastomosing vascular tissue of the node.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous gibberellic acid caused stem elongation.
- Taxon
- Avena sativa
Avena sativae0 - Organ / stage
- stem segmentse0
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- elongatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid was found to cause elongation in Avena sativa (oat) stem segments whether it was applied continuously or as a short pulse.”
Claim · model-written summary
Short gibberellic acid pulses caused stem elongation.
- Taxon
- Avena sativaAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- short pulsee0
- Outcome
- elongatione0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid was found to cause elongation in Avena sativa (oat) stem segments whether it was applied continuously or as a short pulse.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shorter pulse times required higher gibberellic acid concentrations for elongation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The shorter the pulse time became, the higher was the gibberellic acid concentration needed to cause elongation”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
Later treatment after excision reduced growth response to gibberellic acid.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Avena segments showed a decreased growth response to gibberellic acid if the treatments were initiated at increasingly later times after excision from the plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature inhibited loss of gibberellic acid responsiveness.
- Treatment
- low temperature (0-4 C)e0
- Outcome
- decreased responsiveness to gibberellic acide0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This decreased responsiveness to gibberellic acid was inhibited by low temperature (0-4 C), but accelerated by anaerobiosis.”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
Anaerobiosis accelerated loss of gibberellic acid responsiveness.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This decreased responsiveness to gibberellic acid was inhibited by low temperature (0-4 C), but accelerated by anaerobiosis.”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold did not change growth stimulation from an initial gibberellic acid pulse.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth stimulation by a gibberellic acid pulse at the start of incubation was not altered by cold treatment”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen atmosphere nullified growth stimulation from the initial pulse.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growth stimulation by a gibberellic acid pulse at the start of incubation was not altered by cold treatment but was nullified by a nitrogen atmosphere.”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
Segments used glucose, fructose and sucrose for growth.
- Outcome
- able to use glucose, fructose, sucrosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Segments were able to use glucose, fructose, sucrose, and glycerol but not malate, citrate, pyruvate, glycine, or glutamine as substrate for growth.”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
Segments used glycerol for growth.
- Outcome
- glycerole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Segments were able to use glucose, fructose, sucrose, and glycerol but not malate, citrate, pyruvate, glycine, or glutamine as substrate for growth.”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
Segments could not use malate, citrate or pyruvate for growth.
- Outcome
- not malate, citrate, pyruvatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Segments were able to use glucose, fructose, sucrose, and glycerol but not malate, citrate, pyruvate, glycine, or glutamine as substrate for growth.”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
Segments could not use glycine or glutamine for growth.
- Outcome
- glycine, or glutaminee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Segments were able to use glucose, fructose, sucrose, and glycerol but not malate, citrate, pyruvate, glycine, or glutamine as substrate for growth.”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
Final elongation without exogenous substrate correlated strongly with initial carbohydrate and reducing sugar content.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“final elongation without exogenous substrate was highly correlated with initial content of total carbohydrate and reducing sugar”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
Node and leaf sheath did not grow.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the node and leaf sheath do not grow, they must be present for maximal growth of the internode.”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
Node and leaf sheath were required for maximal internode growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the node and leaf sheath do not grow, they must be present for maximal growth of the internode.”
t0“Avena”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred a leaf-sheath substance transmitted via node vasculature for maximal internode growth.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a substance other than gibberellin or sugar is necessary for maximal internodal growth and that this substance may be channeled from the leaf sheath to the internode through the anastomosing vascular tissue of the node.”
t0“Avena”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- positive
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14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →nitrogen · growth · AvenaPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.