Abstract
Direct planting of corn following wheat is faced with problems in arid and semiarid zones. Soil stiffness as a result of high evaporation and heavy surface residue do not allow furrow openers penetrate desirably in the soil. In this research effects of active toothed coulter on planter penetration in such soils were studied. First a toothed coulter equipped with hydro motor was fabricated and mounted on a conventional pneumatic row-crop planter. Then effects of three levels of speed ratio (coulter peripheral speed/tractor forward speed; 1.2, 2, 3) at two previous residue levels (baled-out and non-baled) and two modes of planter attachment (with and without row cleaner) on the planting depth and its uniformity, emergence rate index, amount of surface residue after planting and seed spacing indices (multiple, miss, quality of feed and precision) were investigated. Results showed that planting depth and its uniformity increased with increasing of speed ratio significantly, where at speed ratio of 2, desired planting depth (5 cm) was obtained with maximum uniformity. The emergence rate index increased with increase in speed ratio mainly due to increase in seeding depth at higher speed ratios. Maximum value of emergence rate index was obtained at speed ratio of 2. The active toothed coulter decreased miss and precision indices mainly due to decrease in amount of surface residue which is desirable. Planting with row cleaner into baled-out residue plots at speed ratio of 2 resulted in 31% decrease in miss and 33% decrease in precision indices. The quality of feed index values as high as 70% were obtained at similar conditions, the increase was up to 11% as compared to control.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing coulter speed ratio significantly increased planting depth and uniformity.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“planting depth and its uniformity increased with increasing of speed ratio significantly”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
At speed ratio 2, planting depth reached 5 cm with maximum uniformity.
- Treatment
- speed ratio of 2e0
- Outcome
- planting depthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5 cme0
- Qualifier
- maximum uniformitye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“at speed ratio of 2, desired planting depth (5 cm) was obtained with maximum uniformity”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence rate index increased with coulter speed ratio.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The emergence rate index increased with increase in speed ratio mainly due to increase in seeding depth at higher speed ratios”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Emergence rate index was highest at speed ratio 2.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Maximum value of emergence rate index was obtained at speed ratio of 2”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The active toothed coulter reduced the miss index.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The active toothed coulter decreased miss and precision indices mainly due to decrease in amount of surface residue”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The active toothed coulter reduced the precision index.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The active toothed coulter decreased miss and precision indices mainly due to decrease in amount of surface residue”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Row cleaner planting into baled out residue at speed ratio 2 reduced the miss index by 31%.
- Treatment
- Planting with row cleaner into baled-out residue plots at speed ratio of 2e0
- Outcome
- misse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 31%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Planting with row cleaner into baled-out residue plots at speed ratio of 2 resulted in 31% decrease in miss and 33% decrease in precision indices”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Row cleaner planting into baled out residue at speed ratio 2 reduced the precision index by 33%.
- Treatment
- Planting with row cleaner into baled-out residue plots at speed ratio of 2e0
- Outcome
- precision indicese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 33%e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Planting with row cleaner into baled-out residue plots at speed ratio of 2 resulted in 31% decrease in miss and 33% decrease in precision indices”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The quality of feed index reached 70% under row cleaner, baled out residue and speed ratio 2 conditions, up to 11% above control.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The quality of feed index values as high as 70% were obtained at similar conditions, the increase was up to 11% as compared to control”
t0“Corn”