Abstract
Between 1953 and 1955 a series of field experiments have been carried out in Great Britain to assess the effect of sowing date on the extent and the rate of emergence of a number of varieties of maize. The range of sowing dates was from late March till May. Records were kept of the soil temperatures, these will be reported later, and in certain experiments the water content of the soil was maintained at field capacity. In all experiments a northern flint variety and a southern dent variety were sown, in the first year only flint × dent hybrids were also grown. There was an increase in final emergence with the later sowing dates. The northern flint varieties were superior to the southern dent varieties, while the flint × dent hybrids occupied an intermediate position. The lower final emergence of the southern dent variety was most marked at the earlier sowing dates. Differences between varieties in the speed of emergence, taken as the number of days from sowing until half of the surviving seedlings had emerged, was observed at several centres. The open-pollinated varieties usually emerged more slowly than the flint × dent hybrids. There was a very marked difference between early- and late-sowing dates in speed of emergence. It was possible in the second year to compare seed of high quality with that of low quality as determined by the ‘cold test’ of germination capacity. The lowquality seed gave greatly reduced final emergence, the experiments stressing the need for the adoption of a standard ‘cold test’ for maize seed, especially of that intended for sowing in north-western Europe. The high final emergence of the northern flint varieties suggest that a gene source for resistance to soil pathogen attack is readily available. The possibilities in north-western Europe for expansion of growing grain maize would be greatly strengthened by development of varieties capable of growth at low temperatures. The experiments suggest that until such varieties are available little advantage in time of emergence will be gained by sowing maize before late April in Britain.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Later sowing dates increased final maize emergence.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was an increase in final emergence with the later sowing dates.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Northern flint varieties had better final emergence than southern dent varieties.
- Material
- northern flint varietiese0
- Outcome
- superiore0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- southern dent varietiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The northern flint varieties were superior to the southern dent varieties”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Flint-by-dent hybrids had intermediate final emergence.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the flint × dent hybrids occupied an intermediate position”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The lower final emergence of southern dent maize was most marked at early sowing dates.
- Material
- southern dent varietye0
- Outcome
- final emergencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- earlier sowing datese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower final emergence of the southern dent variety was most marked at the earlier sowing dates.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Open-pollinated varieties usually emerged more slowly than flint-by-dent hybrids.
- Material
- open-pollinated varietiese0
- Outcome
- emergede0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
- Comparator
- flint × dent hybridse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The open-pollinated varieties usually emerged more slowly than the flint × dent hybrids.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Speed of emergence differed markedly between early and late sowing dates.
- Treatment
- early-e0
- Outcome
- speed of emergencee0
- Direction
- very marked differencee0
- Comparator
- late-sowing datese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a very marked difference between early- and late-sowing dates in speed of emergence.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-quality seed greatly reduced final emergence.
- Treatment
- lowquality seede0
- Outcome
- final emergencee0
- Direction
- greatly reducede0
- Comparator
- high qualitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowquality seed gave greatly reduced final emergence”
e1“compare seed of high quality with that of low quality”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommended a standard cold test for maize seed in northwestern Europe.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the need for the adoption of a standard ‘cold test’ for maize seed, especially of that intended for sowing in north-western Europe.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that sowing before late April in Britain would give little advantage in emergence timing until low-temperature-tolerant varieties are available.
- Outcome
- little advantage in time of emergence will be gained by sowing maize before late Aprile0
- Setting
- Britaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“until such varieties are available little advantage in time of emergence will be gained by sowing maize before late April in Britain.”
t0“maize”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
37 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
61 papers more in this group
See all 65 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.