Abstract
Abstract The red soil region in China is very important to agriculture. However, soil aluminum (Al) toxicity often occurs as a result of the high soil acidity. In a long-term experiment, we analyzed soil samples to determine the effect of fertilization on soil acidity and potential Al toxicity. The results showed that after 12 years of utilization, Al toxicity occurred in the soil of the control plot. Chemical fertilizer further decreased soil pH and intensified Al toxicity. However, rice straw effectively improved soil pH and ameliorated soil Al toxicity from 0 to 50 cm deep, which may be attributed to the accumulated soil organic matter (SOM) and the decomposition of the rice straw. Corresponding to the lower Al content in soil, peanut crops grew healthier with greater yields in the rice straw plot, indicating that returning crop stalks to the field should be a feasible fertilization strategy in the region. Keywords: Aluminum toxicitychemical fertilizersrice strawsoil organic mattersoil pH
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
After 12 years aluminum toxicity occurred in control plot soil.
- Taxon
- peanut crops
Arachis hypogaeae1 - Outcome
- Al toxicity occurred in the soile0
- Qualifier
- after 12 years of utilizatione0
- Setting
- control plote0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 12 years of utilization, Al toxicity occurred in the soil of the control plot”
e1“peanut crops grew healthier with greater yields in the rice straw plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilizer decreased soil pH.
- Taxon
- peanut cropsArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Chemical fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical fertilizer further decreased soil pH and intensified Al toxicity.”
e1“peanut crops grew healthier with greater yields in the rice straw plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilizer intensified soil aluminum toxicity.
- Taxon
- peanut cropsArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- Chemical fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Al toxicitye0
- Direction
- intensifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical fertilizer further decreased soil pH and intensified Al toxicity.”
e1“peanut crops grew healthier with greater yields in the rice straw plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw improved soil pH at depths from 0 to 50 cm.
- Taxon
- peanut cropsArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- rice strawe0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- 0 to 50 cm deepe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice straw effectively improved soil pH and ameliorated soil Al toxicity from 0 to 50 cm deep”
e1“peanut crops grew healthier with greater yields in the rice straw plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw ameliorated soil aluminum toxicity at depths from 0 to 50 cm.
- Taxon
- peanut cropsArachis hypogaeae1
- Treatment
- rice strawe0
- Outcome
- soil Al toxicitye0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
- Qualifier
- 0 to 50 cm deepe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice straw effectively improved soil pH and ameliorated soil Al toxicity from 0 to 50 cm deep”
e1“peanut crops grew healthier with greater yields in the rice straw plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut crops grew healthier in the rice straw plot.
- Taxon
- peanut cropsArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- rice strawe0
- Outcome
- peanut crops grewe0
- Direction
- healthiere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peanut crops grew healthier with greater yields in the rice straw plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut crops had greater yields in the rice straw plot.
- Taxon
- peanut cropsArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- rice strawe0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peanut crops grew healthier with greater yields in the rice straw plot”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute rice straw mitigation of soil aluminum toxicity partly to accumulated soil organic matter and straw decomposition.
- Taxon
- peanut cropsArachis hypogaeae2
- Treatment
- rice strawe1
- Outcome
- soil Al toxicitye1
- Qualifier
- accumulated soil organic matter (SOM) and the decomposition of the rice strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which may be attributed to the accumulated soil organic matter (SOM) and the decomposition of the rice straw”
e1“rice straw effectively improved soil pH and ameliorated soil Al toxicity from 0 to 50 cm deep”
e2“peanut crops grew healthier with greater yields in the rice straw plot”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend returning crop stalks to fields as a feasible fertilization strategy in the region.
- Taxon
- peanut cropsArachis hypogaeae1
- Outcome
- returning crop stalks to the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“returning crop stalks to the field should be a feasible fertilization strategy in the region”
e1“peanut crops grew healthier with greater yields in the rice straw plot”
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