Abstract
In winter 2007, disease symptoms were observed in stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006. Similar symptoms were observed in bulbs produced in 2007, 2008, and 2009. Symptoms were associated with one to three bulb scales near the midsection. Infected scales were light brown to brown, not macerated, and lacking foul odors typical of onion bulbs infected with Burkholderia cepacia. Onion grower-packers located in Orange County, NY were concerned that onion lots were rejected following grading by inspectors who cut bulbs to check market quality. Extent of the problem statewide is not currently clear. Isolation attempts were made from symptomatic tissues onto nutrient agar plates (3), with incubation for 24 h at 26 to 28°C, and PA-20 (2), a semiselective medium for the isolation of Pantoea ananatis, with similar incubation for 4 to 6 days. Most strains that grew on PA-20 were gram negative and yellow pigmented with dark centers. Isolated strains were tentatively identified as P. ananatis on the basis of growth on PA-20, a positive indole and negative oxidase test, positive tests for catalase, fermentation of glucose, Voges-Proskauer, and citrate utilization; negative for phenylalanine deaminase, urease, nitrate reductase, methyl red tests, and hypersensitive response induction in tobacco. The BIOLOG (Hayward, CA) system indicated that all presumptive strains of P. ananatis utilized d-mannose, d-cellobiose, d-melibiose, l-inositol, d-arabinose, cellulose, glycerol, d-arabitol, and sucrose, but not glycogen, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, malonic acid, l-fucose, or xylitol. Strains of P. ananatis recovered from diseased onions in Georgia (GA) (1) were included in all tests as positive controls. We used PCR primers suggested by R. D. Gitaitis (University of Georgia): PanITS1 (5′-GTC TGA TAG AAA GAT AAA GAC-3′) and AS2b (5′-TTC ATA TCA CCT TAC CGG CGC-3′). Together, they amplify the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer region of 398 bp; the nucleotide sequences of six NY and three GA strains are identical to each other and 99.3% identical to P. ananatis LMG 20103 (GenBank CP001875) and 93.3% identical to P. stewartii (AJ311838). Pathogenicity tests were done in onion leaves. For inoculation, strains were grown on nutrient agar for 24 h and bacterial suspensions of ~10 8 CFU/ml were prepared in sterile water. Tips of healthy, greenhouse-grown onion leaves were cut and inoculum was applied to the cut surfaces with cotton swabs. Plants were incubated in a greenhouse for up to 2 weeks. Plants mock inoculated with water were symptomless. Bacteria were recovered from all lesions induced by artificial inoculation with the presumptive strains of P. ananatis. Recovered bacteria had characteristics of P. ananatis. Pathogenic strains from NY and GA produced off-white lesions that extended the length of the leaf, which was consistent with previous studies of the pathogenicity of P. ananatis (1). On the basis of microbiological and molecular analyses and pathogenicity tests, 14 NY strains, each isolated from a different diseased bulb, were identified as P. ananatis. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of P. ananatis causing a disease of onion in New York. References: (1) R. D. Gitaitis et al. USA Crop Prot. 21:983, 2002. (2) T. Goszczynska et al. J. Microbiol. Methods. 64:22, 2006. (3) N. W. Shaad et al, eds. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2000.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Bulb disease of onion caused by Pantoea ananatis was first reported in New York.
- Taxon
- Allium cepa
Allium cepae0 - Interactor
- Pantoea ananatisPantoea ananatist0pathogen
- Outcome
- Bulb Diseaset0
- Setting
- New Yorkt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“First Report of Bulb Disease of Onion Caused by Pantoea ananatis in New York”
e0“stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen New York isolates, each from a different diseased bulb, were identified as P. ananatis.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepae0
- Material
- 14 NY strainse2
- Interactor
- P. ananatisPantoea ananatise2pathogen
- Outcome
- identified as P. ananatise2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006”
e2“On the basis of microbiological and molecular analyses and pathogenicity tests, 14 NY strains, each isolated from a different diseased bulb, were identified as P. ananatis”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial inoculation with presumptive P. ananatis strains produced off-white lesions on onion leaves, unlike mock inoculation with water.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae3
- Treatment
- artificial inoculatione4
- Interactor
- P. ananatisPantoea ananatise4pathogen
- Outcome
- off-white lesionse5
- Comparator
- mock inoculated with watere6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Pathogenicity tests were done in onion leaves”
e4“Bacteria were recovered from all lesions induced by artificial inoculation with the presumptive strains of P. ananatis”
e5“Pathogenic strains from NY and GA produced off-white lesions that extended the length of the leaf”
e6“Plants mock inoculated with water were symptomless”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria were recovered from all lesions induced by artificial inoculation on onion leaves.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae3
- Treatment
- artificial inoculatione4
- Interactor
- P. ananatisPantoea ananatise4pathogen
- Outcome
- Bacteria were recovered from all lesionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Pathogenicity tests were done in onion leaves”
e4“Bacteria were recovered from all lesions induced by artificial inoculation with the presumptive strains of P. ananatis”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovered bacteria had characteristics of P. ananatis.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae3
- Interactor
- P. ananatisPantoea ananatise7pathogen
- Outcome
- characteristics of P. ananatise7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Pathogenicity tests were done in onion leaves”
e7“Recovered bacteria had characteristics of P. ananatis”
Claim · model-written summary
Nucleotide sequences of six NY and three GA strains were identical to each other and 99.3% identical to P. ananatis LMG 20103.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepae0
- Interactor
- P. ananatisPantoea ananatise5pathogen
- Outcome
- nucleotide sequencese5
- Value
- 99.3%e5
- Comparator
- P. ananatis LMG 20103e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006”
e5“the nucleotide sequences of six NY and three GA strains are identical to each other and 99.3% identical to P. ananatis LMG 20103”
Claim · model-written summary
Nucleotide sequences of the NY and GA strains were 93.3% identical to P. stewartii.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepae0
- Outcome
- nucleotide sequencese1
- Value
- 93.3%e2
- Comparator
- P. stewartiie2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006”
e1“the nucleotide sequences of six NY and three GA strains”
e2“93.3% identical to P. stewartii (AJ311838)”
Claim · model-written summary
PCR primers PanITS1 and AS2b amplified a 398 bp 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer region of the isolates.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepae0
- Outcome
- amplify the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer regione1
- Value
- 398 bpe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006”
e1“Together, they amplify the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer region of 398 bp”
Claim · model-written summary
Presumptive P. ananatis strains utilized d-mannose, d-cellobiose and d-melibiose in BIOLOG tests.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepae0
- Interactor
- P. ananatisPantoea ananatise6pathogen
- Outcome
- d-mannose, d-cellobiose, d-melibiosee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006”
e6“all presumptive strains of P. ananatis utilized d-mannose, d-cellobiose, d-melibiose, l-inositol, d-arabinose, cellulose, glycerol, d-arabitol, and sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Presumptive P. ananatis strains utilized l-inositol, d-arabinose and cellulose in BIOLOG tests.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepae0
- Interactor
- P. ananatisPantoea ananatise6pathogen
- Outcome
- l-inositol, d-arabinose, cellulosee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006”
e6“all presumptive strains of P. ananatis utilized d-mannose, d-cellobiose, d-melibiose, l-inositol, d-arabinose, cellulose, glycerol, d-arabitol, and sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Presumptive P. ananatis strains utilized glycerol, d-arabitol and sucrose in BIOLOG tests.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepae0
- Interactor
- P. ananatisPantoea ananatise6pathogen
- Outcome
- glycerol, d-arabitol, and sucrosee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006”
e6“all presumptive strains of P. ananatis utilized d-mannose, d-cellobiose, d-melibiose, l-inositol, d-arabinose, cellulose, glycerol, d-arabitol, and sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Presumptive P. ananatis strains did not utilize glycogen, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine or malonic acid in BIOLOG tests.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepae0
- Outcome
- glycogen, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, malonic acide7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006”
e7“but not glycogen, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, malonic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Presumptive P. ananatis strains did not utilize l-fucose or xylitol in BIOLOG tests.
- Taxon
- Allium cepaAllium cepae0
- Outcome
- l-fucose, or xylitole7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored yellow onion bulbs (Allium cepa) grown in New York (NY) in 2006”
e7“but not glycogen, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, malonic acid, l-fucose, or xylitol”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Pantoea ananatis · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.