Abstract
ABSTRACT The potential of a pulp and paper mill residues compost for the control of crown and root rot of greenhouse-grown tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was ultrastructurally investigated. Peat moss amended with compost substantially reduced disease-associated symptoms. Addition of Pythium oligandrum to either peat moss alone or peat moss amended with compost resulted in a considerable reduction in disease incidence compared with controls grown in peat moss alone. Histological and cytological observations of root samples from Fusarium-inoculated plants revealed that the beneficial effect of compost in reducing disease symptoms is associated with increased plant resistance to fungal colonization. One of the most prominent facets of compost-mediated induced resistance concerned the formation of physical barriers at sites of attempted fungal penetration. These structures, likely laid down to prevent pathogen ingress toward the vascular elements, included callose-enriched wall appositions and osmiophilic deposits around the sites of potential pathogen ingress. Invading hyphae, coated by the osmiophilic material, showed marked cellular disorganization. The use of the wheat germ agglutinin-ovomucoid-gold complex provided evidence that the wall-bound chitin was altered in severely damaged hyphae. A substantial increase in the extent and magnitude of the cellular changes induced by compost was observed when P. oligandrum was supplied to the potting substrate. This finding corroborates the current concept that amendment of composts with specific antagonists may be a valuable option for amplifying their beneficial properties in terms of plant disease suppression.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Compost-amended peat substantially reduced tomato disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Peat moss amended with composte0
- Outcome
- disease-associated symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Peat moss amended with compost substantially reduced disease-associated symptoms.”
t0“Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium oligandrum added to peat alone reduced disease incidence compared with peat controls.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Addition of Pythium oligandrum to either peat moss alone or peat moss amended with composte0
- Second interactor
- Pythium oligandrum
Pythium oligandrume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- controls grown in peat moss alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of Pythium oligandrum to either peat moss alone or peat moss amended with compost resulted in a considerable reduction in disease incidence compared with controls grown in peat moss alone.”
t0“Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost benefit was associated with greater tomato resistance to fungal colonization.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- composte0
- Outcome
- plant resistance to fungal colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the beneficial effect of compost in reducing disease symptoms is associated with increased plant resistance to fungal colonization.”
t0“Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost-mediated resistance included physical barriers at attempted fungal penetration sites.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- composte0
- Outcome
- formation of physical barriers at sites of attempted fungal penetratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost-mediated induced resistance concerned the formation of physical barriers at sites of attempted fungal penetration.”
t0“Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The barriers included callose-rich wall appositions and osmiophilic deposits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- callose-enriched wall appositions and osmiophilic depositse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“included callose-enriched wall appositions and osmiophilic deposits around the sites of potential pathogen ingress.”
t0“Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmiophilic-coated invading hyphae showed marked cellular disorganization.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- Invading hyphae, coated by the osmiophilic material, showed marked cellular disorganizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Invading hyphae, coated by the osmiophilic material, showed marked cellular disorganization.”
t0“Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Wall-bound chitin was altered in severely damaged hyphae.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- wall-bound chitin was altered in severely damaged hyphaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the wall-bound chitin was altered in severely damaged hyphae.”
t0“Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium oligandrum increased the extent and magnitude of compost-induced cellular changes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- P. oligandrum was supplied to the potting substratee0
- Second interactor
- P. oligandrumPythium oligandrume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- extent and magnitude of the cellular changes induced by composte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A substantial increase in the extent and magnitude of the cellular changes induced by compost was observed when P. oligandrum was supplied to the potting substrate.”
t0“Fusarium Crown and Root Rot in Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
growing medium · Fusarium · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
fertilization · Fusarium · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.