Abstract
The frequency of occurrence and types of branching spikes and spikelets were examined in one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale (X Triticosecale WITTMACK). Among the plants sown in five different months, i.e., February, September, October. November and December 1986, the plants sown on September 10, as a whole, showed the highest frequency of branching. This phenomenon may be attributed to a daily mean temperature as low as about 5°C at the time of ear formation that provides long period for inflorescence development which gives favourable time for bh (branching) gene to be active longer for branched development. The sensitivity to low temperature seemed to differ from one to another variety or line in triticale. Octoploid line Tcl 18 showed a higher frequency of branching than the hexaploid ones. Commercial varieties of hexaploid triticale including Welsh, Rosner, Yoreme and Currency did not show any type of branching. The varietal difference in the frequency of branching was not clearly associated with the chromosome constitution or cytoplasrnic characteristics of the lines or varieties. Branching occurred mainly on the lower 1/3 of the spikes. Branching spikes with hay-fork shape, Y-fork shape, and branching from the flag leaf node as well as branching spikelets of banana twin type, face to face twin type, compact type, whorl and square head types were recorded. The number of spikelets per spike and the number of florets per spike in most of the branching spikes were significantly larger. The number of grains per spike in the branching spikes of the octoploid line Tcl 18, hexaploid varieties Beaver, Rosner (Mono-1B) and Beagle was significantly larger than of the normal spikes, but opposite results were obtained for the hexaploid varieties Camel/Pato, Camel and Bronco. This observation suggests that it may be possible to select a high yielding line with a large number of spikelets, florets and grains per head in triticale.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Triticale plants sown on September 10 showed the highest frequency of branching among plants sown in five different months.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalee0 - Treatment
- sown on September 10e1
- Outcome
- frequency of branchinge1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- plants sown in five different monthse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“Among the plants sown in five different months, i.e., February, September, October. November and December 1986, the plants sown on September 10, as a whole, showed the highest frequency of branching”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute the high branching to a daily mean temperature of about 5 C at ear formation, giving a long inflorescence development period for the bh gene to act.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Treatment
- daily mean temperature as low as about 5°Ce1
- Gene
- bh (branching) genee1
- Outcome
- branched developmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“may be attributed to a daily mean temperature as low as about 5°C at the time of ear formation that provides long period for inflorescence development which gives favourable time for bh (branching) gene to be active longer for branched development”
Claim · model-written summary
Sensitivity to low temperature seemed to differ among triticale varieties and lines.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to low temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sensitivity to low temperature seemed to differ from one to another variety or line in triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Octoploid triticale line Tcl 18 showed a higher frequency of branching than the hexaploid lines.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Material
- Octoploid line Tcl 18e1
- Outcome
- frequency of branchinge1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- the hexaploid onese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“Octoploid line Tcl 18 showed a higher frequency of branching than the hexaploid ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial hexaploid triticale varieties Welsh, Rosner, Yoreme and Currency did not show any type of branching.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Material
- Welsh, Rosner, Yoreme and Currencye0
- Outcome
- any type of branchinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Commercial varieties of hexaploid triticale including Welsh, Rosner, Yoreme and Currency did not show any type of branching”
Claim · model-written summary
The varietal difference in branching frequency was not clearly associated with chromosome constitution or cytoplasmic characteristics of the lines or varieties.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Material
- lines or varietiese1
- Outcome
- varietal difference in the frequency of branchinge1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“The varietal difference in the frequency of branching was not clearly associated with the chromosome constitution or cytoplasrnic characteristics of the lines or varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Branching occurred mainly on the lower third of the spikes.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Organ / stage
- lower 1/3 of the spikese1
- Outcome
- Branchinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“Branching occurred mainly on the lower 1/3 of the spikes”
Claim · model-written summary
Branching spikes of hay-fork shape, Y-fork shape and branching from the flag leaf node were recorded.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- Branching spikes with hay-fork shape, Y-fork shape, and branching from the flag leaf nodee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“Branching spikes with hay-fork shape, Y-fork shape, and branching from the flag leaf node”
Claim · model-written summary
Branching spikelets of banana twin, face to face twin and compact types were recorded.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- branching spikelets of banana twin type, face to face twin type, compact typee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“branching spikelets of banana twin type, face to face twin type, compact type”
Claim · model-written summary
Branching spikelets of whorl and square head types were recorded.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- whorl and square head typese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“whorl and square head types”
Claim · model-written summary
Most branching spikes had significantly larger numbers of spikelets per spike and florets per spike.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Organ / stage
- branching spikese1
- Outcome
- number of spikelets per spike and the number of florets per spikee1
- Direction
- largere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“The number of spikelets per spike and the number of florets per spike in most of the branching spikes were significantly larger”
Claim · model-written summary
Grains per spike in branching spikes of Tcl 18, Beaver, Rosner (Mono-1B) and Beagle were significantly larger than in normal spikes.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Material
- octoploid line Tcl 18, hexaploid varieties Beaver, Rosner (Mono-1B) and Beaglee1
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee1
- Direction
- largere1
- Comparator
- normal spikese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“The number of grains per spike in the branching spikes of the octoploid line Tcl 18, hexaploid varieties Beaver, Rosner (Mono-1B) and Beagle was significantly larger than of the normal spikes”
Claim · model-written summary
In hexaploid varieties Camel/Pato, Camel and Bronco, branching spikes had the opposite result, fewer grains per spike than normal spikes.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Material
- hexaploid varieties Camel/Pato, Camel and Broncoe2
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“one octoploid and eleven hexaploid lines or varieties of triticale”
e1“The number of grains per spike in the branching spikes”
e2“opposite results were obtained for the hexaploid varieties Camel/Pato, Camel and Bronco”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest it may be possible to select a high yielding triticale line with many spikelets, florets and grains per head.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- high yielding line with a large number of spikelets, florets and grains per heade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it may be possible to select a high yielding line with a large number of spikelets, florets and grains per head in triticale”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · growth · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.