Abstract
Abstract Few recent investigations have been made of female meiosis in cereals, and almost nothing is known about the duration of female meiosis in higher plants. Consequently, the time and duration of female meiosis in Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare and Secale cereale have been studied. The appearance of the embryo sac mother cell (e. m. c.) and of the meiotic nuclei during female meiosis in Hordeum vulgare is described and illustrated. In the species studied, each floret contains only one ovary with a single e. m. c., and meiosis is almost synchronous in the pollen mother cells from all three anthers. Consequently, it is possible to make precise comparisons between the stages of male and female development within individual florets. Data from these comparisons, together with knowledge previously determined of the duration of male meiosis in these species, allowed the estimation of the time and duration of female meiosis fairly accurately for T. aestivum and H. vulgare and approximately for S. cereale. The results showed that for H. vulgar and T. aestivum grown at 20°C, the duration of female meiosis was very similar to the duration of male meiosis. Furthermore, on average male and female meiosis occurred almost synchronously. In S. cereale however, male meiosis preceeded female meiosis by about 15 h. Growing T. aestivum under environmental stress induced asynchrony between male and female development at meiosis. Synchrony was not re-established after a long period under normal conditions. Nuclear DNA content and ploidy level are known to be important factors determining or affecting the duration of male meiosis. These factors appear to play an important role in controlling the duration of female meiosis also.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
In Triticum aestivum grown at 20°C, the duration of female meiosis was very similar to that of male meiosis.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- grown at 20°Ce1
- Outcome
- duration of female meiosise1
- Direction
- very similare1
- Comparator
- duration of male meiosise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The time and duration of female meiosis in wheat, rye and barley”
e1“The results showed that for H. vulgar and T. aestivum grown at 20°C, the duration of female meiosis was very similar to the duration of male meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
In Hordeum vulgare grown at 20°C, the duration of female meiosis was very similar to that of male meiosis.
Verbatim
t0“The time and duration of female meiosis in wheat, rye and barley”
e1“The results showed that for H. vulgar and T. aestivum grown at 20°C, the duration of female meiosis was very similar to the duration of male meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
In Triticum aestivum, male and female meiosis occurred almost synchronously on average.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- male and female meiosise2
- Qualifier
- almost synchronouslye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The time and duration of female meiosis in wheat, rye and barley”
e1“The results showed that for H. vulgar and T. aestivum grown at 20°C, the duration of female meiosis was very similar to the duration of male meiosis”
e2“Furthermore, on average male and female meiosis occurred almost synchronously”
Claim · model-written summary
In Hordeum vulgare, male and female meiosis occurred almost synchronously on average.
Verbatim
t0“The time and duration of female meiosis in wheat, rye and barley”
e1“The results showed that for H. vulgar and T. aestivum grown at 20°C, the duration of female meiosis was very similar to the duration of male meiosis”
e2“Furthermore, on average male and female meiosis occurred almost synchronously”
Claim · model-written summary
In Secale cereale, male meiosis preceded female meiosis by about 15 h.
- Taxon
- S. cereale
Secale cerealee3 - Outcome
- male meiosise3
- Direction
- preceedede3
- Value
- 15 he3
- Comparator
- female meiosise3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The time and duration of female meiosis in wheat, rye and barley”
e3“In S. cereale however, male meiosis preceeded female meiosis by about 15 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Environmental stress induced asynchrony between male and female development at meiosis in Triticum aestivum.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- environmental stresse4
- Outcome
- asynchrony between male and female developmente4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The time and duration of female meiosis in wheat, rye and barley”
e4“Growing T. aestivum under environmental stress induced asynchrony between male and female development at meiosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Synchrony of male and female development in Triticum aestivum was not re-established after a long period under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- a long period under normal conditionse5
- Outcome
- Synchronye5
- Direction
- not re-establishede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The time and duration of female meiosis in wheat, rye and barley”
e4“Growing T. aestivum under environmental stress induced asynchrony between male and female development at meiosis”
e5“Synchrony was not re-established after a long period under normal conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Nuclear DNA content and ploidy level may control the duration of female meiosis in wheat (hypothesis).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- duration of female meiosise6
- Qualifier
- Nuclear DNA content and ploidy levele6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“The time and duration of female meiosis in wheat, rye and barley”
e6“Nuclear DNA content and ploidy level are known to be important factors determining or affecting the duration of male meiosis. These factors appear to play an important role in controlling the duration of female meiosis also”
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