Abstract
Causal relationships between the occurrence of fruit curvature and the number of leaves per fruit and shading of plants were investigated with individual plants.When 1 fruit with 5 leaves attached was retained per plant, fruit showed normal growth and almost no curvature at harvest. On the other hand, fruit with 3 leaves or less was suppressed in growth and showed marked curvature at harvest. In addition, some of them became malformed or aborted.When 2 or 3 fruit with 6 or 9 leaves (3 per fruit), respectively, were retained per plant, all the fruit showed normal growth and almost no curvature at harvest. When 2 or 3 fruit with 2 or 3 leaves (1 per fruit), respectively, were retained per plant, however, most fruit were suppressed in growth, and showed marked curvature at harvest, while some of them showed relatively normal growth and only slight curvature.When 1 fruit with leaves, 1, 200 cm2 in total leaf area, was retained per plant, fruit showed normal growth and almost no curvature at harvest. On the other hand, fruit with leaves, 800cm2 or less in total leaf area, was suppressed in growth and showed marked curvature at harvest.When 1 fruit was retained per plant, shading with cheesecloth suppressed the fruit growth and increased the fruit curvature angle at harvest. These effects were greater on the fruit with 3 leaves than 5 leaves per fruit.From these results, it was concluded that the occurrence of the curvature in cucumber fruit was due to the insufficient production of photosynthates and, consequently, their poor supply to the fruit as the results of decreased leaf area, shading, etc.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
One fruit with five leaves grew normally with almost no curvature.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- 1 fruit with 5 leaves attachede0
- Outcome
- normal growth and almost no curvaturee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“When 1 fruit with 5 leaves attached was retained per plant, fruit showed normal growth and almost no curvature at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
One fruit with three or fewer leaves had suppressed growth and marked curvature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 3 leaves or lesse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“fruit with 3 leaves or less was suppressed in growth and showed marked curvature at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Some fruit with three or fewer leaves became malformed or aborted.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- malformed or abortede0
- Qualifier
- some of theme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“some of them became malformed or aborted”
Claim · model-written summary
Two or three fruit with three leaves per fruit grew normally with almost no curvature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 3 per fruite0
- Outcome
- normal growth and almost no curvaturee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“When 2 or 3 fruit with 6 or 9 leaves (3 per fruit), respectively, were retained per plant, all the fruit showed normal growth and almost no curvature at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Two or three fruit with one leaf each mostly had suppressed growth and marked curvature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1 per fruite0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“When 2 or 3 fruit with 2 or 3 leaves (1 per fruit), respectively, were retained per plant, however, most fruit were suppressed in growth, and showed marked curvature at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Some fruit with one leaf grew relatively normally with slight curvature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- relatively normal growth and only slight curvaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“some of them showed relatively normal growth and only slight curvature”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit with 1, 200 cm2 total leaf area grew normally and had almost no curvature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 1, 200 cm2 in total leaf areae0
- Outcome
- normal growth and almost no curvaturee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“When 1 fruit with leaves, 1, 200 cm2 in total leaf area, was retained per plant, fruit showed normal growth and almost no curvature at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit with at most 800cm2 leaf area had suppressed growth and marked curvature.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 800cm2 or less in total leaf areae0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“fruit with leaves, 800cm2 or less in total leaf area, was suppressed in growth and showed marked curvature at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Cheesecloth shading suppressed fruit growth.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- shading with cheeseclothe0
- Outcome
- fruit growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“shading with cheesecloth suppressed the fruit growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Cheesecloth shading increased fruit curvature angle.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- shading with cheeseclothe0
- Outcome
- fruit curvature anglee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“shading with cheesecloth suppressed the fruit growth and increased the fruit curvature angle at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading effects were greater with three than five leaves per fruit.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- 3 leavese0
- Outcome
- These effectse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- 5 leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“These effects were greater on the fruit with 3 leaves than 5 leaves per fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attributed curvature to insufficient photosynthate production and poor supply to fruit after reduced leaf area or shading.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- curvaturee0
- Qualifier
- insufficient production of photosynthatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“curvature in cucumber fruit was due to the insufficient production of photosynthates and, consequently, their poor supply to the fruit as the results of decreased leaf area, shading”
The same questions in other papers
shade · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.