Abstract
Poor grain growth caused by high temperatures during the ripening stage is a critical problem for rice production. However, the magnitude of the reduction in grain growth also depends on the temperatures before the ripening stage. We hypothesized that the water temperature (Tw) during vegetative growth can affect grain growth under high temperatures during the ripening stage. We exposed the japonica cultivar ‘Hitomebore’ to four levels of Tw during vegetative growth, ranging from 20 to 30°C, and examined grain growth under subsequent high temperatures during the ripening stage in a 3-year experiment using plants having only main stems produced by removing all tillers. We measured green leaf area, chlorophyll content, spikelet number per panicle, hull length, and grain size. To investigate the contribution of the sink-source balance to grain growth, we examined the effect of the interaction between Tw during vegetative growth and a partial sink-removal treatment on grain weight. High air temperature during the ripening stage decreased grain weight, and low Tw during vegetative growth significantly decreased grain weight under both normal and high air temperatures during the ripening stage, without a significant interaction. The responses of grain weight to Tw during vegetative growth were observed even in plants with partial sink removal. The reduced grain growth under lower Tw during vegetative growth resulted from decreased hull length of the grains. Our results support the hypothesis that low Tw during vegetative growth can decrease grain growth in rice at high air temperatures during the ripening stage. It affects the hull size rather than the sink-source balance.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
High ripening air temperature decreased grain weight.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- High air temperature during the ripening stagee0
- Outcome
- grain weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High air temperature during the ripening stage decreased grain weight”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low vegetative water temperature significantly decreased grain weight under normal and high ripening air temperatures.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low Tw during vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- grain weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under both normal and high air temperatures during the ripening stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low Tw during vegetative growth significantly decreased grain weight under both normal and high air temperatures during the ripening stage”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of vegetative water temperature and ripening air temperature on grain weight had no significant interaction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low Tw during vegetative growthe1
- Outcome
- grain weighte1
- Direction
- without a significant interactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without a significant interaction”
e1“low Tw during vegetative growth significantly decreased grain weight under both normal and high air temperatures during the ripening stage”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight responded to vegetative water temperature even with partial sink removal.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Tw during vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- grain weighte0
- Qualifier
- partial sink removale0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The responses of grain weight to Tw during vegetative growth were observed even in plants with partial sink removal”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower vegetative water temperature decreased grain hull length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- lower Tw during vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- hull length of the grainse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduced grain growth under lower Tw during vegetative growth resulted from decreased hull length of the grains”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced hull length explains reduced grain growth under lower vegetative water temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- hull length of the grainse0
- Treatment
- lower Tw during vegetative growthe0
- Outcome
- reduced grain growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduced grain growth under lower Tw during vegetative growth resulted from decreased hull length of the grains”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low vegetative water temperature affects hull size rather than sink-source balance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- low Tw during vegetative growthe1
- Outcome
- hull sizee0
- Qualifier
- rather than the sink-source balancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It affects the hull size rather than the sink-source balance”
e1“low Tw during vegetative growth can decrease grain growth in rice at high air temperatures during the ripening stage”
The same questions in other papers
harvest time · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.