Abstract
Eggplants (cv. Midnite) were grown during 1996 to 1998 in soils naturally infested with Verti-cillium dahliae. Experimental plots were either mulched with black plastic or grown on bare ground and fertilized with either (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 or Ca(NO 3 ) 2 at 224 kg of N per hectare each season. Compared to bare ground, mulch resulted in a 42 and 68% increase in 1996 and 1997, respectively. Compared to Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilization increased yield by 22 and 18% in 1996 and 1997, respectively. In both years, there were no significant interactions between the mulch and fertilizer treatments on yield or on integrated estimates of the plant canopy growth curve or disease severity. However, the treatment effects were additive. When compared to bare ground, mulching increased the plant canopy 3 weeks after planting and reduced the percentage of symptomatic foliage 8 weeks after planting. Compared to Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , fertilization with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 increased the plant canopy after 6 weeks, but did not affect the percentage of symptomatic foliage. Mulching or (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilization increased the number of flowers compared to no mulching or Ca(NO 3 ) 2 fertilization, respectively. The rate of nitrogen fertilizer at planting or as a side-dress application did not affect growth or disease, but plants treated with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 were larger and had less symptoms than Ca(NO 3 ) 2 -treated plants. The use of black plastic mulch with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilization complements one another and may reduce damage from Verticillium wilt on eggplant.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch increased yield by 42% in 1996.
- Taxon
- Eggplant
Solanum melongenat0 - Treatment
- mulche0
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 42 and 68%e0
- Qualifier
- 1996e0
- Comparator
- bare grounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to bare ground, mulch resulted in a 42 and 68% increase in 1996 and 1997, respectively.”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch increased yield by 68% in 1997.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- mulche0
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Qualifier
- 1997e0
- Comparator
- bare grounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to bare ground, mulch resulted in a 42 and 68% increase in 1996 and 1997, respectively.”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate increased yield 22% in 1996.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22 and 18%e0
- Qualifier
- 1996e0
- Comparator
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilization increased yield by 22 and 18% in 1996 and 1997, respectively.”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate increased yield 18% in 1997.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Qualifier
- 1997e0
- Comparator
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilization increased yield by 22 and 18% in 1996 and 1997, respectively.”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch and fertilizer had no significant interaction on yield, canopy growth or disease severity.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Outcome
- interactions between the mulch and fertilizer treatments on yield or on integrated estimates of the plant canopy growth curve or disease severitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no significant interactions between the mulch and fertilizer treatments on yield or on integrated estimates of the plant canopy growth curve or disease severity.”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch increased canopy at three weeks.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- plant canopye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 3 weeks after plantinge0
- Comparator
- bare grounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to bare ground, mulching increased the plant canopy 3 weeks after planting and reduced the percentage of symptomatic foliage 8 weeks after planting.”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch reduced symptomatic foliage at eight weeks.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Interactor
- Verti-cillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee1pathogen - Outcome
- percentage of symptomatic foliagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 8 weeks after plantinge0
- Comparator
- bare grounde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When compared to bare ground, mulching increased the plant canopy 3 weeks after planting and reduced the percentage of symptomatic foliage 8 weeks after planting.”
e1“Verti-cillium dahliae”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate increased canopy after six weeks.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4e0
- Outcome
- plant canopye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after 6 weekse0
- Comparator
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , fertilization with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 increased the plant canopy after 6 weeks, but did not affect the percentage of symptomatic foliage.”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate did not affect symptomatic foliage percentage.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4e0
- Interactor
- Verti-cillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- percentage of symptomatic foliagee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Comparator
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , fertilization with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 increased the plant canopy after 6 weeks, but did not affect the percentage of symptomatic foliage.”
e1“Verti-cillium dahliae”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch increased flower number.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- Mulchinge0
- Outcome
- number of flowerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- no mulchinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching or (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilization increased the number of flowers compared to no mulching or Ca(NO 3 ) 2 fertilization, respectively.”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate increased flower number.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- number of flowerse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2 fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching or (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilization increased the number of flowers compared to no mulching or Ca(NO 3 ) 2 fertilization, respectively.”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen timing did not affect growth or disease.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizer at planting or as a side-dress applicatione0
- Outcome
- growth or diseasee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of nitrogen fertilizer at planting or as a side-dress application did not affect growth or disease”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate plants were larger and less symptomatic than calcium nitrate plants.
- Taxon
- EggplantSolanum melongenat0
- Treatment
- (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4e0
- Outcome
- less symptomse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- Ca(NO 3 ) 2 -treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants treated with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 were larger and had less symptoms than Ca(NO 3 ) 2 -treated plants.”
t0“Eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest combining black plastic mulch and ammonium sulfate to reduce wilt damage.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- black plastic mulch with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilizatione0
- Interactor
- VerticilliumVerticilliume0pathogen
- Outcome
- reduce damage from Verticillium wilte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of black plastic mulch with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 fertilization complements one another and may reduce damage from Verticillium wilt on eggplant.”
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